从“双层所有权”到“单一所有权”之变——民国时期永佃权在江苏地区的继受  

Change from "Dual Ownership" to "Sole Ownership"——The Reception of the Emphyteusis in Jiangsu during the Period of the Republic of China

作　　者：郑中云 ZHENG Zhongyun

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第1期105-118,共14页Journal of China Agricultural University;Social Sciences

摘　　要：民国时期,历经司法继受和立法继受两个阶段,外来的永佃权制度开始在江苏地区生成。在此过程中,继受而来的永佃权规则与江苏地区固有的一田两主制度发生了一系列的冲突。其在理念上的冲突表现为,永佃权所属的罗马法所有权-他物权的概念体系与一田两主制度所蕴含的"双层所有权"理念之间具有不可调和的矛盾。从比较法的视野来看,这一事件并非孤例,在我国法律移植的母国——德国和日本也曾发生过类似的事件。这些史实对当代农村承包经营权性质的重新定位具有重要启示。不能将土地承包经营权与农村集体土地所有权之间的关系理解为用益物权与所有权之间的关系,而应按照分割所有权的理念将两者间的关系理解为用益所有权与处分所有权的关系。During the period of the Republic of China,after the stage of the judiciary reception and the legislative reception,the emphyteusis began to be received in Jiangsu.In this process,the emphyteusis conflicted with one land two owners system in Jiangsu.The contradiction of conception between them is that the concept system of ownership and jura in re ali-ana of Roman law abided by emphyteusis is in contradiction with the concept of dual ownership abided by one land two owners system.From the perspective of comparative law,this incident is not an isolated case.Similar incidents have occurred in Germany and Japan,which were the home countries of legal transplantation of China.These historical facts have important enlightenment for the reorientation of the right to contract land for management.Namely,the relationship between the right to contract land for management and rural land collective ownership cannot be understood as the relationship between usufructuary real right and ownership.Instead,according to the concept of split ownership,the relationship between them should be understood as the relationship between dominium utile and dominium directum.

关 键 词：一田两主 双层所有权 永佃权 单一所有权 土地承包经营权 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]