新出秦简中的授田制问题  

Issues of the Land Grant System in the Newly-released Qin Bamboo Slips

作　　者：晋文[1] Jin Wen

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学历史系

出　　处：《中州学刊》2020年第1期129-134,共6页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“新出简牍与秦汉土地制度研究”(19BZS023);国家社会科学基金重大项目“秦汉三国简牍经济史料汇编与研究”(19ZDA196)

摘　　要：最新公布的里耶秦简揭示了更多授田制的细节。从申报来看,吾武和寡妇憗的“谒垦”便记录了迁陵的授田程序。主要有自报、审定和复查三个环节,其重要发现是,在迁陵乃至洞庭和更多地区授田是按小块土地分批授予的,以及管理授田的“田”均按乡设有“左田”或“右田”等。根据对刍稾的征收,在迁陵地区还允许跨乡授田,没有一夫百亩的限额。在耕作方式上,迁陵地区的垦田均大量休耕,被称为槎田或田。它的特点并不在于造田的方式,而在于“岁更”的耕作方式。由此可以推算,迁陵民田每户平均当有耕地70亩左右。至于田租,新出秦简则完全证实刍稾是按实际授田数征收的,并间接证实了土地兼并的存在。The latest released Liye Qin Bamboo Slips reveals more details of the land granting system.From the point of declara tion,the"Yeken"of Wuwu and the widow Yin recorded the land granting procedure in Qianling.There are mainly three links of selfreporting,verification and review.The important findings are that the granting of land in Qianling and even Dongting and more areas was granted in small batches,and the"fields"that manage the granting of farmland were set up as"left fields"or"right fields"ac cording to the township.According to the levy of Chugao,cross-country granting of farmland was also allowed in Qianling area,without a quota of 100 mu per person.In terms of farming methods,the cultivated fields in Qianling area were largely fallow and were called Chatian or field.It is not characterized by the way of making land,but by the way of"Suigeng"farming.It can be estimated that the average household in Qianling should have about 70 mu of arable land.As for the land rent,the newly released Qin Bamboo Slips fully proves that Chugao was collected according to the actual number of land granted,and indirectly confirms the existence of land annexa tion.

关 键 词：谒垦 槎田 岁更 休耕 土地兼并 

分 类 号：K232[历史地理—历史学]