吉尔吉斯斯坦反恐怖主义法及其反恐实践  

Kyrgyzstan’s Anti-Terrorism Law and Its Counter-Terrorism Practice

作　　者：汪金国[1,2] 陈亚州 Wang Jinguo;Chen Yazhou(Institute of Central Asian Studies,Lanzhou University;School of Politics and International Relations,Lanzhou University;School of Marxism,Lanzhou University)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学中亚研究所,兰州730000 [2]兰州大学政治与国际关系学院,兰州730000 [3]兰州大学马克思主义学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《区域与全球发展》2020年第2期93-107,157,158,共17页Area Studies and Global Development

基　　金：2019年甘肃省宣传文化系统高层次人才资助项目“上海合作组织地区反恐怖机构与独联体反恐中心对比研究”（甘组通字[2018]84号）;2019年度兰州大学人文社科类中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金科研创新团队项目“‘一带一路’框架下国际合作打击恐怖主义、分裂主义和极端主义问题研究”（项目编号：2019jbkytd002）;国家社科基金“一带一路”委托项目“中亚五国研究与数据库建设”（项目编号：17VDL003）的阶段性成果

摘　　要：独立式的反恐法是反恐斗争中的重要法律支撑。吉尔吉斯斯坦2006年反恐法采取独立式的立法模式,较为全面地界定了反恐行动实施的各个层面与环节所遵循的法律依据。该法突出了反恐工作所坚持的基本原则和主要目标,构建了各部门相互协作的国内反恐机构体系,并在军事反恐与维护基本人权方面寻求大体平衡,同时展现了国际合作的精神。不过,面对国内和地区恐怖主义发展所呈现的新特征与新趋势,吉尔吉斯斯坦反恐法具有明显的滞后性,主要表现为恐怖主义网络空间治理内容缺失,预防个体或群体"极端化"及"去极端化"的措施不明确,以及对本国及区域"外籍战士"迁徙等问题并未在立法层面予以有效应对。这些因素的存在给新形势下吉尔吉斯斯坦反恐工作的顺利开展造成了一些困扰,并影响了该国反恐法的整体实践效果。An independent counter-terrorism law is an important legal support in the fight against terrorism.Kyrgyzstan’s Anti-Terrorism Law updated in 2006 adopted an independent legislative model,which more comprehensively defined the legal basis for all aspects and links of the implementation of anti-terrorism operations.The law highlights the basic principles and main goals of anti-terrorism efforts,establishes a system of domestic counter-terrorism organizationst hat collaborate with each other,and seeks a general balance in military counter-terrorism and the maintenance of basic human rights,while showing the spirit of international cooperation.However,in the face of the new features and trends in the development of domestic and regional terrorism,Kyrgyzstan’s Anti-Terrorism Law is clearly lagging behind,mainly in terms of the shortage of governance content in cyberspace of terrorism,the lack of clarity on measures to prevent the“extremization”and“deextremization”of individuals or groups,as well as on national and regional issues.Besides,issues such as the migration of“foreign fighters”in Kyrgyzstan and the region have not been effectively addressed at the legislative level.The presence of these factors has caused some difficulties in the smooth development of Kyrgyzstan’s counter-terrorism work under the new situation,and affected the overall practical effect of the Kyrgyzstan’s Anti-Terrorism Law.

关 键 词：吉尔吉斯斯坦 反恐法 恐怖主义 极端化 

分 类 号：D73[政治法律—政治学]