甘油代替大麦对泌乳中后期奶牛采食量、产奶量和乳质量的影响  

Effects of substitution of barley with glycerin on feed intake,milk yield and milk quality in cows at the middle and late stages of lactation

作　　者：张鑫 郑百芹 张鹤鹏 康俊杰 周鑫 肖琎 ZHANG Xin;ZHENG Baiqin;ZHANG Hepeng;KANG Junjie;ZHOU Xin;XIAO Jin(Tangshan Food and Drug comprehensive Testing Center,Tangshan,Hebei Province 063000,China;Academician Workstation of Hebei Province,Tangshan,Hebei Province 063000,China;Hebei Agricultural Products quality and safety testing Innovation Center Tangshan,Hebei Province 063000,China)

机构地区：[1]唐山市食品药品综合检验检测中心,河北唐山063000 [2]河北省院士工作站,河北唐山063000 [3]河北省农产品质量安全检测技术创新中心,河北唐山063000

出　　处：《中国饲料》2020年第2期51-55,共5页China Feed

基　　金：河北省二期现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目（HBCT2018120207）

摘　　要：文章旨在确定在不影响牛奶产量、牛奶成分、乳脂肪酸组成和牛奶感官质量的情况下,用不同水平甘油代替大麦对泌乳中后期奶牛的影响。试验选择了40头荷斯坦奶牛,采用4×4拉丁方试验设计。在部分混合日粮中,粗甘油替代大麦的含量分别为日粮干物质的0、6%、12%和18%。每天记录个体产奶量、采食量和挤奶频率,每周分析牛奶成分。对新鲜牛奶和贮藏7 d的牛奶样品进行感官分析。部分混合日粮的摄入量随甘油添加水平由0升高至12%,增加近1 kg,甘油由12%升高至18%,减少约1 kg。甘油水平由0升高至6%时,精料摄入量下降0.5 kg。随着日粮中甘油比例的增加,牛奶产量呈线性下降(P<0.05),而牛奶中的脂肪和蛋白质含量呈上升趋势(P=0.08),导致能量校正乳水平随甘油水平的升高表现为二次曲线效应,其中6%甘油组产量最高,18%甘油组产量最低。蛋白质和乳糖产量随日粮中甘油比例的增加线性下降(P<0.05)。随着日粮甘油比例的增加,牛奶中棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和共轭亚油酸的比例线性下降(P<0.05),而短链和中链脂肪酸的比例大部分呈上升趋势。综上所述,甘油作为一种能量饲料可以在不影响牛奶品质的前提下,在泌乳中后期奶牛日粮中替代大麦的水平高达18%。但日粮甘油水平超过12%时可能会降低能量校正乳的产量。The experiments reported in this study were designed to determine the effect of replacing barley with glycerin at different levels on cows in the middle and late stages of lactation,without affecting milk yield,milk composition,milk fatty acid composition,and milk sensory quality.Forty holstein cows were selected for the experiment,and a 4×4 Latin square design was used.In the partial mixed diet,the crude glycerine-substituted barley contained 0,6%,12%and 18%of the dry matter of the diet,respectively.Individual milk production,intake and milking frequency were recorded daily,and milk composition was analyzed weekly.Sensory analysis was performed on fresh milk and milk samples stored for 7 d.Intake of a partial mixed diet increased by nearly 1 kg with glycerol supplementation levels from 0 to 12%,and decreased by about 1 kg with glycerol supplementation levels from 12%to 18%.When the glycerin level increased from 0 to 6%,the concentration intake decreased by 0.5 kg.Along with the increase of the glycerol ratio in the diet with milk production linearly decreased(P<0.05),while the fat and protein content in milk is on the rise(P=0.08),and this leads to the energy correction breast level with the increase of glycerol levels of quadratic curve effect,with 6%glycerin group the highest yield,yield the lowest 18%glycerin group.Protein and lactose production decreased linearly with the increase of glycerol in the diet(P<0.05).With the increase of glycerin proportion in the diet,the proportion of palmitic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid,linolenic acid and conjugated linoleic acid in milk decreased linearly(P<0.05),while the proportion of short-chain and medium-chain fatty acids mostly increased.In summary,glycerin,as an energy feed,can substitute for barley in up to 18%of dairy cows’diets in the middle and later stages of lactation without affecting milk quality.However,dietary glycerin levels above 12%May reduce the yield of energy correction milk.

关 键 词：甘油 大麦 奶牛 采食量 泌乳量 乳品质 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]