川西亚高山不同林龄云杉人工林林地水源涵养能力比较研究  

Comparison on Ground Cover and Soil Hydrological Function of Picea asperata Mast. Plantation at Different Ages in the Subalpine Region of Western Sichuan

作　　者：冯秋红 王毅 刘兴良 蔡蕾 刘世荣[4] 祝玮 孙治宇 FENG Qiuhong;WANG Yi;LIU Xingliang;CAI Lei;LIU Shirong;ZHU Wei;SUN Zhiyu(Sichuan Academy of Forestry,Sichuan Wolong Forest Ecosystem Research Station,Chengdu 610081,China;Ecological Restoration and Conservation on Forest and Wetland Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610081,China;Chuanxi Forestry Burea of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture,Lixian 623102,China;Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Key Laboratory on Forest Ecology and Environmental Sciences of State Forestry Administration,Beijing 100091,China;Sichuan Zoige Wetland National Nature Reserve Administration,Zoige 624000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省林业科学院,四川卧龙森林生态系统定位站,四川成都610081 [2]森林和湿地生态恢复与保育四川重点实验室,四川成都610081 [3]阿坝藏族羌族自治州川西林业局,四川理县623102 [4]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京100091 [5]四川若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区管理局,四川若尔盖624000

出　　处：《四川林业科技》2020年第1期5-10,共6页Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：四川省科技厅重大专项(2018SZDZX0037,2018SZDZX0030);“十三五”国家重点研发项目(2016YFC0502104;2017YFC0505004)

摘　　要：以广泛分布在川西亚高山地区的云杉人工林为研究对象,针对不同林龄(20年,30年和40年)林地地被物和土壤的水文特征开展了比较研究,以探讨林龄对云杉人工林林地水文特征的影响。结果表明,随着林龄的增长,云杉人工林乔木生物量随之增加;灌木盖度显著升高,而草本则降低;灌、草的生物多样性均呈现非线性变化趋势,即先降低再升高;同时,林地地被物中,苔藓仍占据了主导的水文作用,其蓄积量呈现先降低后升高的变化趋势,但最大持水率和最大持水量无显著变化;而枯落物的最大持水率、最大持水量均随之显著增加。这与随着林龄增长而发生改变的林下光照和大气、土壤湿度有关。最后,在林地生物多样性增加、灌木盖度增加以及苔藓蓄积量增加等多重因素的影响下,林地土壤密度也随之降低。可见,随着林龄的增长,密度2300/hm2左右的云杉人工林,不但群落结构逐渐复杂、土壤质地逐步改善,进而林地水文效应也随之增强,林龄在更长时间尺度对林地水文效应的影响情况还有待于我们进一步的观测研究。Mountain forest in Western Sichuan is an important part of water conservation forests in Southwest of China,and Picea asperata Mast.plantation is one of main types.Clarifying its water conservation capacity and its influencing factors are very important to regional ecological security.In order to explore the effects of forest age on ground cover and soil hydrological function of Picea asperata Mast.plantation in the sub-alpine region of western Sichuan,a comparative study was carried out.The Moss,litter and soil samples of Picea asperata Mast.forest at different ages(20-year-old,30-year-old and 40-year-old)were investigated and sampled,then the hydrological function of those samples were analyzed.The result showed that(1)tree biomass and shrub coverage increased,but grass coverage decreased with increasing plantation age.Shannon-weiner index of shrub and grass both firstly deceased and then increased.(2)Meanwhile,hydrological function of moss played a dominant role in forest ground cover,and the moss accumulated mass(CM)firstly deceased and then increased,but there were no significant difference on maximum water holding rate(MWHR)and maximum water holding capacity(MWHC).However,MWHR and MWHC of litter increased significantly with forest ages,and maybe this was related to changed light,atmosphere and soil humidity conditions with increasing forest ages.(3)Finally,soil density decreased with increasing forest age,mainly due to the increase of forest biodiversity,shrub coverage and moss accumulation.(4)In summary,community structure of Picea asperata Mast.plantation with 2300 plants per hectare was gradually complicated,soil texture was gradually improved,and hydrological effects were also enhanced.A long-term study is needed to further investigate the Picea asperata Mast.plantation age effects on hydrological and ecological function.

关 键 词：林龄 云杉人工林 林地 水文涵养 川西亚高山 

分 类 号：S715[农业科学—林学]