采收成熟度对烤烟下部叶烤后质量的影响  

Effect of Lower Tobacco Leaves with Different Harvest Maturity on Tobacco Quality

作　　者：闫凯[1] 窦晓英 杨晓东[1] 王源 王桂荣[1] 徐鹏[1] 李馨 YAN Kai;DOU Xiaoying;YANG Xiaodong;WANG Yuan;WANG Guirong;XU Peng;LI Xin(Weifang Tobacco Limited Company,Weifang,Shandong 261205,China)

机构地区：[1]山东潍坊烟草有限公司

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2020年第1期19-22,共4页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：为潍坊烟区及类似生态条件下烤烟下部叶的适宜成熟度采收与烘烤提供技术支撑,以中烟100为供试品种,采用三段式烘烤方法,研究采收成熟度对烤烟下部叶烤后质量的影响。结果表明:随着采收时间推迟,烟叶成熟度及叶面黄色素积累不断提高,4个处理第7片烟叶颜色均为黄绿,叶色褪绿时采收以绿为主,叶尖变黄、叶尖1/3面积变黄和叶片1/2面积变黄时采收以黄为主;随着成熟度提高,烟叶烘烤的易烤性提高,烘烤时间缩短,不同烘烤时间叶面变黄程度和叶片干燥程度明显提升,第7片叶叶色褪绿、叶尖变黄、叶尖1/3面积变黄和叶片1/2面积变黄时采收烘烤96 h,叶面均呈黄片黄筋,叶色褪绿和叶尖变黄时采收烘烤96 h,叶片呈勾尖卷边,叶尖1/3面积变黄和叶片1/2面积变黄时采收烘烤96 h,叶片呈小卷筒;中等烟比例、均价和X2F等级比例呈先增加后减少趋势,均以叶尖1/3面积变黄时采收最高,分别为81%、13.67元/kg和55%。第7片叶尖1/3面积变黄时采收的经济效益最佳。The effect of lower tobacco leaves(Zhongyan 100 Variety)with different harvest maturity on cured tobacco quality was studied by using a three-step curing pattern to provide the technical support for harvest and curing of lower tobacco leaves with a suitable maturity in Weifang tobacco-growing area and other areas with the similar ecological condition.Result:The tobacco maturity and yellow pigment accumulation in tobacco leaf surface improve continuously with delay of harvest time.Four harvest treatments are chlorisis of the seventh tobacco leaf(T 1),leaf tip yellowing of the seventh tobacco leaf(T 2),1/3 leaf tip yellowing of the seventh tobacco leaf(T 3)and 1/2 leaf yellowing(T 4)of the seventh tobacco leaf respectively.With increase of tobacco leaf maturity,the easy curing property is improved,the curing time is shortened,and the leaf yellowing and dry degree is promoted after different curing time.The leaf surface of four treatments after 96 h curing shows yellow leaf and yellow vein.The leaf of T 1 and T 2 treatment after 96 h curing is hook tip with edge curl.The leaf of T 3 and T 4 treatment after 96 h curing is coiler cylinder.The medium-class tobacco proportion,average price and proportion of X2F grade shows a first rising and then decreasing trend.The medium-class tobacco proportion,average price and proportion of X2F grade reach the maximum(81%,13.67 Yuan/kg and 5.5 kg)when harvesting at 1/3 leaf tip yellowing of the seventh tobacco leaf.In conclusion,the economic benefit is the best when harvesting at 1/3 leaf tip yellowing of the seventh tobacco leaf.

关 键 词：烤烟 下部烟叶 成熟度 采收 烘烤 经济效益 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]