不同烟草秸秆还田量在水稻土中的腐解特征及其对水稻产量的影响  

Decomposition Characteristics in Paddy Soil under Different Rates of Tobacco Straw and Their Effects on Rice Yield

作　　者：柳开楼[1] 张俊清 苑举民 宋文静[2] 芦伟龙 董建新[2] 梁洪波[2] 张启明 李文军 胡惠文[1] LIU Kailou;ZHANG Junqing;YUAN Jumin;SONG Wenjing;LU Weilong;DONG Jianxin;LIANG Hongbo;ZHANG Qiming;LI Wenjun;HU Huiwen(Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil, Nanchang 331717, China;Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China;Jiangxi Tobacco Science Research Institute, Nanchang 330025, China;College of Resources and Environment and Tourism, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China)

机构地区：[1]江西省红壤研究所,江西南昌331717 [2]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,山东青岛266101 [3]江西省烟草科学研究所,江西南昌330025 [4]湖南文理学院资源环境与旅游学院,湖南常德415000

出　　处：《华北农学报》2019年第S01期268-272,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：中国烟草总公司江西省公司科学研究与技术开发计划项目(201601005);湖南省自然科学基金(2017JJ3220)

摘　　要：为了明确烟草秸秆还田量的腐解特征及其对水稻产量的影响。设置了不同烟草秸秆还田量的田间小区试验,分析了不同处理下烟草秸秆的腐解规律,并结合烟草秸秆投入量探讨外源碳氮比投入与水稻产量的量化关系。结果表明:不同处理烟草秸秆腐解特征均表现为前期快、后期慢的特点。5 d时烟草秸秆腐解量和日均腐解量均达到最大,分别为0.87 g和0.29 g/d。烟草秸秆累积腐解速率也呈现出相似的趋势,整个水稻季烟草秸秆的累积腐解速率为42.31%。在不同还田量中,各处理的烟草秸秆腐解量和日均腐解量差异不显著,但累积腐解速率则基本呈现出半量还田处理高于等量还田和1.5倍还田量处理。投入碳氮比与水稻产量的相互关系可以用二次曲线方程进行拟合,且水稻生长合理的碳氮比投入量为10.1,对应的最高产量为10.4 t/hm^2。因此,在烟稻轮作中,虽然不同烟草秸秆还田量下腐解特征相似,但合理的碳氮比投入是实现水稻增产的关键途径之一。In order to clarify the decomposing characteristics of different rates of tobacco straw and their effects on rice yield.In this study,one field experiment was conducted.Then,the decomposition rates of tobacco straw and rice yield among different treatments were analyzed.Meanwhile,the quantitative relationship between the external input of carbon and nitrogen ratio and rice yield was discussed.The results showed that:the decomposing characteristics of the tobacco straw in all treatments were fast in the early stage and slow in the late stage.At the 5th day,the amount of decomposed tobacco and the average daily decomposing amount were reached the maximum,which were 0.87 g and 0.29 g/d,respectively.The cumulative decomposing rate of tobacco straw also showed a similar trend,and the cumulative decomposing rate of tobacco straw in the whole rice season was 42.31%.However,there was not significant different for the total and daily decomposed amount of tobacco straw among all treatments,but the cumulative decomposing rate of the semi-returning treatment was higher than the equivalent and 1.5 times returning.The correlation between the input of carbon-nitrogen ratio and rice yield could be fitted by the quadratic curve equation.Moreover,it indicated that the reasonable input of carbon-nitrogen ratio was 10.1,and the corresponding maximum yield of rice was 10.4 t/ha.Therefore,in the rotation of tobacco and rice,the reasonable carbon-nitrogen ratio input was one key pattern to improve rice yield,although the characteristics of decomposing under different amounts of tobacco straw was similar.

关 键 词：烟草秸秆 腐解速率 水稻产量 碳氮比 

分 类 号：S572.06[农业科学—烟草工业]