紫云英协同秸秆还田下氮钾减施对双季稻产量及光合特性的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium Reduction on Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Double Cropping Rice by Astragalus sinicus and Late Rice Straw Returning

作　　者：胡柯鑫 罗尊长 董春华[2] 孙梅[2] 洪曦[2] 谢宜[1,2] 周旋 刘杰 孙耿[2] HU Kexin;LUO Zunchang;DONG Chunhua;SUN Mei;HONG Xi;XIE Yi;ZHOU Xuan;LIU Jie;SUN Geng(Long Ping Branch,Graduate School of Hunan University,Changsha 410125,China;Hunan Institute of Soil and)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学研究生院隆平分院,湖南长沙410125 [2]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《华北农学报》2020年第1期141-148,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家“十三五”重点研发计划(2016YFD0200809;2017YFD0200808);湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2018ZD02-2);国家“十二五”科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD23B03)

摘　　要：为探究化肥氮钾减施配合紫云英秸秆还田对双季稻产量与光合特性的影响。通过田间小区试验,以常规化肥处理(100%化肥)为对照,研究紫云英协同晚稻秸秆还田下早稻减施20%,30%,40%化肥氮和同时减施40%化肥钾对双季稻产量、幼穗分化期倒三叶叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、叶绿素含量(SPAD)及早晚稻收获期土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:不同氮肥减施比例下紫云英协同晚稻秸秆还田均能增强水稻光合作用,提高土壤肥力,增加水稻年产量,且以减施30%化肥氮、40%化肥钾处理(T4)效果较好。与常规施肥处理相比,T4的水稻年产量增加4.5%,早稻稻谷增产6.8%,倒三叶叶片Pn、Gs、Tr和SPAD值分别降低7.8%,23.9%,21.0%,9.5%,Ci提高19.5%;其晚稻稻谷增产2.0%,倒三叶叶片Pn、Gs、Tr和SPAD值分别提高27.0%,55.3%,14.8%,13.4%,Ci降低1.6%;早晚稻收获期土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量均有提高。研究结果,对指导双季稻田紫云英协同晚稻秸秆还田下化肥氮钾减施、水稻增产和地力提升有重要意义。To explore the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer reduction combined with Astragalus and straw returning on the yield and photosynthetic characteristics of double cropping rice.Field plot experiments were conducted to study the effects of Astragalus sinensis combined with late rice straw returning on yield,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci),transpiration rate(Tr)and chlorophyll content(SPAD)of double-cropping rice during panicle differentiation stage,soil physical and chemical properties by reducing 20%,30%,40%fertilizer nitrogen and 40%fertilizer potassium simultaneously.The results showed that the combination of different nitrogen fertilizer reducing ratio and the return of Astragalus sinensis and late rice straw could enhance rice photosynthesis,improve soil fertility and increase annual rice yield,and the effect of reducing 30%fertilizer nitrogen and 40%fertilizer potassium treatment(T4)was better.Compared with conventional fertilization treatment,the annual yield of rice T4 increased by 4.5%,early rice by 6.8%,Pn,Gs,Tr and SPAD values of the top three leaves decreased by 7.8%,23.9%,21.0%and 9.5%,Ci increased by 19.5%.The yield of late rice increased by 2.0%,Pn,Gs,Tr and SPAD values of the top three leaves increased by 27.0%,55.3%,14.8%and 13.4%,respectively,and Ci decreased by 1.6%.The contents of available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter were all increased.The results are of great significance for guiding the reduction of fertilizer N and K application,the increase of rice yield and the improvement of fertility in double-cropping paddy fields with Astragalus sinensis and late rice straw returning.

关 键 词：双季稻 化肥氮钾减施 紫云英秸秆还田 产量 光合特征 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]