考虑径流年际变异的洮河河道生态径流研究  

Research on Ecological Runoff of Taohe River Basin Based on Interannual Runoff Variation

作　　者：陆建宇[1] 张育德[1] LU Jianyu;ZHANG Yude(China Water Resources Beifang Investigation,Design and Research Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300222,China)

机构地区：[1]中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司

出　　处：《人民珠江》2020年第2期41-49,共9页Pearl River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50979023);水利部公益性行业科研专项(201201026)

摘　　要：人类活动尤其是大规模的水利工程建设,极大地影响了河道径流的一致性,因此考虑径流年际变异的河道生态径流研究具有重要意义。以洮河流域为例,采用Mann-Kendall突变检验法和滑动t检验法对洮河中游岷县站、下游李家村站1950-2016年逐月实测径流做突变检验,借助逐月次最小值法、逐月频率计算法计算了两站河道最小、适宜生态径流,分析了水文变异前后生态径流满足情况以及流域发展带来的可能影响。结果表明:岷县站和李家村站年径流存在显著水文变异,突变点分别出现在1989、1991年;逐月次最小值法得到的最小生态径流和逐月频率计算法得到的适宜生态径流均可保证河流生境处于"好"及以上的流量范围内;水文变异后,河流最小、适宜生态径流满足情况均变差,尤其是在鱼类产卵育幼期(4-8月);现状河流来水存在显著减少变化,未来人类活动强度和影响范围将进一步加大,应立足流域角度,统筹考虑河流生态用水与经济社会用水。研究成果可为流域未来更好地开展水资源开发与利用工作提供一定的参考。Human activities,especially the construction of large-scale water conservancy projects,have greatly affected the consistency of the runoff,so it is of great significance to carry out the research on ecological runoff of the river basin based on interannual runoff variation.Taking the Taohe River Basin as an example,this paper conducts the change test for the monthly observed runoff at the Minxian station(at the middle reaches of Taohe River)and Lijiacun station(at the lower reaches of Taohe River)from 1950 to 2016 by the Mann-Kendall and sliding t test methods,obtains the minimum and optimal ecological runoff by the monthly minimum method and monthly frequency calculation method,and analyzes the guaranteed conditions of the ecological runoff before and after hydrological variation and the possible effects from the development of river basin.The results shows that:(1)There are significant hydrological variations in annual runoff at the Minxian station and the Lijiacun station,with change points occurring in 1989 and 1991,respectively;(2)The minimum ecological runoff obtained by the monthly minimum method and the optimal ecological runoff obtained by the monthly frequency calculation method can ensure that the river habitat is featured with“good”or above runoff;(3)After the hydrological variation,the guaranteed conditions of the minimum and optimal ecological runoff are worse,especially in the spawning and breeding period of the fish(April to August);(4)There is a significant decrease for the runoff of the current river,and the intensity and impact of human activities will be further increased,so the ecological,economic and social water use should be comprehensively considered based on the condition of Taohe River Basin in the future.Moreover,the research can provide reference for the future development and utilization of the water resources in Taohe River Basin.

关 键 词：河川径流 突变检验 水文变异 生态径流 洮河流域 

分 类 号：TV121[水利工程—水文学及水资源]