如何有效增加理工科领域人才供给?——来自拔尖学生培养计划的实证研究  

How to Increase Talents in Science Effectively: Empirical Evidence from a Talent Training Program in China

作　　者：宋弘[1] 陆毅[2] SONG Hong;LU Yi(School of Economics,Fudan University;School of Economics and Management,Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学经济学院,200433 [2]清华大学经济管理学院,100084

出　　处：《经济研究》2020年第2期52-67,共16页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(项目号:71803027);教育部人文社会科学项目(项目号:18YJC790139);上海市晨光计划(项目号:18CG03)的资助

摘　　要：理工科领域人才对于科技创新、国家竞争力提升、高质量发展至关重要,尤其在由物质资本驱动转向人力资本驱动的经济发展新阶段。在此背景下,亟待回答的问题是:如何有效增加理工类人才供给。本文以“基础学科拔尖学生培养试验计划”为切入点,基于具有代表性的大学生调查数据,利用三重差分与双重差分法缓解内生性,实证考察该人才培养试验计划对我国理工领域人才供给的影响。本文有以下主要发现:第一,该培养计划显著提高了高校毕业生选择理工类职业的概率;第二,其主要机制来自学生对于理工类学科兴趣的提升、投入时间的增加,以及信息不对称的减少;第三,其正面作用对于物理、工程等应用型学科,以及男生尤其显著。本文的发现对于有效增加理工类人才供给、培养科技人才梯队、提高国家未来科技创新与竞争力具有重要的政策含义。Science,technology,engineering,and mathematics(STEM)fields are among the major drivers of innovation,and are critical to economic growth.However,while STEM employment opportunities and the STEM salary premium have increased over the last few decades,the global supply of STEM graduates is insufficient to satisfy labor-market demand.For example,U.S.national data reveal that more than half of STEM graduates switch to non-STEM fields when entering graduate school or the labor market.In addition,the new pattern of economic globalization means that an increased supply of STEM talent is crucial for China.It is thus important for both academics and policy makers to understand how to encourage STEM major students to stay in STEM fields.In this study,we use a large and representative college student survey dataset to evaluate the effect of a talent training program on Chinese students STEM career choices.This training program,known as a“top students training program in basic subjects”,was launched by China s Ministry of Education and Ministry of Finance in 2010.It targeted 17 colleges in China,with a focus on undergraduate students with STEM majors.The main goal of the training program was to enhance students incentives and motivation to pursue STEM careers by improving their academic environment and increasing their opportunities.We estimate the program s effect by jointly using a triple difference-in-difference framework and a double difference-in-difference framework.Specifically,we compare STEM major students with non-STEM majors(the first difference)in the targeted colleges,and compare these students with those in other colleges(the second difference)over time(the third difference).We obtain three main findings.First,we find strong evidence that the training program has substantially increased(by 17.4%)the number of students who pursue careers in STEM fields(via graduate degrees or jobs).With an average likelihood of 36.8%that STEM major students in non-treated colleges will pursue STEM careers,our estimate repres

关 键 词：理工科人才 人力资本 科技创新 拔尖学生培养计划 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学]