发达国家交通应对突发公共卫生事件的经验及对我国的启示  

Experience of Developed Countries in Dealing with Public Health Emergencies from Transportation and Its Enlightenment to China

作　　者：买媛媛 李艳红[1] Mai Yuan-yuan;Li Yan-hong(China Academy of Transportation Sciences,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]交通运输部科学研究院

出　　处：《交通运输研究》2020年第1期97-102,共6页Transport Research

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(20176104)

摘　　要：自新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情发生以来,按照习近平总书记的重要指示,交通运输行业统一部署、积极应对,在疫情防控、应急运输组织保障中发挥了重要作用。交通运输既是遏制病毒传播的重要环节,又是人民群众出行和防控物资供应的重点保障。纵观世界范围内的突发公共卫生事件,交通运输亦发挥了重要的作用,美国建立了“规划引领、分级响应”的交通应急物流系统,日本建立了“预防为主、多式联运”的交通应急配送体系,英国形成了“垂直管理、多层次协作”的交通应急管理体制。这些先进的经验和应对模式给我国交通应急管理体系的完善提供了如下启示:规划先行,优化外集内配网络体系实现应急物资的高效运输和基本生活物资的有效供给;加强预防,提前科学筹谋交通应急预案并结合具体实际不断深入、细化;统筹协作,不断完善交通应急管理体制与配套保障措施。Since the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19),Chinese transportation industry has made unified arrangements and responded to the outbreak actively according to the instructions of General Secretary Xi Jinping.Consequently,it has played an important role in epidemic prevention and control,emergency transportation organization and guarantee.Transportation is not only an important link in curbing the quick spread of virus but also the guarantee of people's travel and daily necessities'supply.Similarly,transportation has also played an important role in public health emergencies worldwide.The United States has established a"planning-guide,hierarchical-response"transportation emergency logistics system.Japan has set up a"prevention-first,multimodal transportation"transportation emergency distribution system.Britain has formed a"vertical management,multi-level cooperation"transportation emergency management system.These advanced experience and coping modes could provide certain enlightenment for improving China's transportation emergency management system,including:planning first,optimizing the external collection and internal distribution network system to achieve efficient transportation of emergency materials and effective supply of basic living materials;strengthening prevention,making scientific traffic emergency plans in advance and continuously deepening and refining them in combination with specific reality;overall coordinating,continuously improving transportation emergency management system and supporting measures.

关 键 词：突发公共卫生事件 国际经验 交通应急物流系统 交通应急配送体系 交通应急管理体制 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]