植物物种多样性对植食性昆虫和主栽作物的影响及其生态学机制  

Effects of plant species diversity on insect herbivores and primary crops and the corresponding ecological mechanisms

作　　者：万年峰[1] 蒋杰贤[1] WAN Nianfeng;JIANG Jiexian(Eco-environmental Protection Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所,上海201403

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2020年第1期140-149,共10页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：上海市现代农业产业技术体系项目[沪农科产字(2019)第3号];上海市农委推广项目[沪农科推字(2016)第2-2-8号];上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设项目[农科创2018(B-01)]。

摘　　要：增加生物多样性,已被众多研究证实为增强生态系统服务功能的重要方法;其中,植物物种多样性种植模式(诱集植物、间作和地面生草),是实现该途径的重要措施。通过概述这3种模式对植食性昆虫的丰度以及对植食性昆虫危害主栽作物的影响,并运用5种理论(天敌、资源集中、推–拉、屏障和保险假说),分析了植物多样性调控植食性昆虫的生态学机制,并就利用生物多样性调控植食性昆虫的研究方向与方法进行了展望,以期更好服务生物多样性与生态系统服务功能研究。Enhancement of biodiversity is testified as one the most important ways of promoting ecosystem services by lots of studies.Thereinto,plant-species diversifying practices(trap cropping,intercropping and vegetation cover)have been employed to enhance biodiversity.We summarized the effects of these three diversifying practices on the abundance of insect herbivores and on the primary crop damage by insect herbivores,and analyzed the ecological mechanisms(hypotheses of natural enemy,resource concentration,pull-push,barrier and insurance)that plants regulate insect herbivores.Moreover,we prospected the research directions and methods that how to utilize biodiversity to manage insect herbivores,so as to provide a better linkage between biodiversity and ecosystem service.

关 键 词：生物多样性 生态系统服务功能 主栽作物 诱集植物 间作 地面生草 天敌假说 资源集中假说 

分 类 号：S186[农业科学—农业基础科学] Q968.1[生物学—昆虫学]