中国小麦进口贸易发展的格局演进与路径优化  

Pattern Evolution and Path Optimization of China’s Wheat Import Trade Development

作　　者：郑国富 Zheng Guofu(Economics and Management Department,Guangxi Normal University for Nationalities,Chongzuo 532200,Guangxi)

机构地区：[1]广西民族师范学院经济与管理学院

出　　处：《农业展望》2020年第1期127-131,共5页Agricultural Outlook

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金西部项目(19XJY015);2017年度广西科协资助青年科技工作者专项课题(2017ZC50);2019年广西民族师范学院国际经济与贸易特色专业2019-2020年教师能力提升项目(CACRC2018TP04)

摘　　要：小麦作为中国三大传统主粮之一,对国民经济稳定发展具有战略意义。从进口规模与地位、来源地区与国别、产品种类与均价、外贸依存度与风险等4个方面深入分析中国小麦进口贸易格局演进历程及其特点。2001年以来,中国小麦进口贸易持续快速增长,成效显著,但仍存在如下主要问题:数量低微跌宕起伏;配额使用效率低;来源渠道有限,国别地区集中;进口均价偏高,产品层次低下。新时代,可通过落实国家粮食安全战略,加大国内粮食产业扶持与市场引导,深化小麦产业供给侧结构性改革;遵循WTO协议,完善贸易管理制度;多元化拓展来源渠道,优化国别地区结构;提升国际影响力与竞争力,维护国家利益等4个方面,进一步优化中国小麦进口贸易的发展。Wheat,as one of the three traditional staple foods in China,plays a strategic role in the steady development of national economy.This paper analyzed the evolution and characteristics of China's wheat import trade pattern from four aspects:import scale and position,source region and country,product type and average price,foreign trade dependence and risk.The trade of China's wheat importation has kept a rapid growth and is very fruitful since 2001,but there are still some main problems such as unstable limited quantities,low efficiency of quota use,limited sources,comparatively concentrated countries and regions,slightly high import price and low level of products.In the new era,it is feasible to optimize China's wheat import trade by implementing the national grain security strategy,increasing domestic grain industry support and market guidance,deepening the supply-side structural reform of wheat industry,following the WTO agreement,improving the trade management system,diversifying the source channels,optimizing the structure of countries and regions,enhancing the international influence and competitiveness,and safeguarding the national interests.

关 键 词：中国小麦进口 粮食安全 农产品贸易 “一带一路” 

分 类 号：F323.7[经济管理—产业经济] F752.61