察尔汗盐湖演变趋势及驱动力分析  

Evolution trend and driving force analysis of the Chaerhan Salt Lake

作　　者：杨显华 徐肖[3] 肖礼晓 田立 郝利娜 许鹏[2] YANG Xianhua;XU Xiao;XIAO Lixiao;TIAN Li;HAO Lina;XU Peng(Sichuan Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Rare Earth Strategic Resources,Chengdu 610081,China;Sichuan Geological Survey Institute,Chengdu 610036,China;College of Earth Sciences,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610051,China)

机构地区：[1]稀有稀土战略资源评价与利用四川省重点实验室,成都610081 [2]四川省地质调查院,成都610036 [3]成都理工大学地球科学学院,成都610051

出　　处：《国土资源遥感》2020年第1期130-137,共8页Remote Sensing for Land & Resources

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目“全国矿山开发状况遥感地质调查与监测(编号:DD20190511);“全国矿山环境恢复治理状况遥感地质调查与监测”(编号:DD20190705);“四川省矿产资源开发环境遥感监测”(编号:12120115061801)共同资助。

摘　　要：察尔汗盐湖蕴藏着丰富的氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化镁等无机盐,是中国矿业基地之一。但是,近年来随着察尔汗盐湖及其周边盐田工业开采活动的迅速发展,盐湖的水质受到了污染,湖水面积也在快速减小。通过计算研究区2002—2018年间归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI),得到研究区植被变化情况,运用遥感监测手段,结合降雨、工业发展等多个因素对察尔汗盐湖演变趋势以及驱动力因素进行研究。研究表明:①盐田矿山的开发是造成察尔汗盐湖退化的主要因素,随着盐田开采面积的增大,自然盐湖面积大量减小,水量减少,水体盐碱化严重;②察尔汗盐湖面积受降水量的影响,降雨充沛的年份,盐湖面积变大,但降雨较少的年份盐湖面积减少并不显著;③盐田的开采会影响植被的生长,经野外实地调查,盐田的开采导致盐湖水质盐碱化严重,在高盐碱区植被难以生长,所以盐湖周边植被较少。The Chaerhan Salt Lake contains abundant inorganic salts such as sodium chloride,potassium chloride and magnesium chloride,and it is also one of the mining bases in China.In recent years,with the rapid development of industrial mining activities in the Chaerhan Salt Lake and its surrounding salty field,the water quality of the salt lake has been polluted,and the lake water area has also rapidly decreased.By calculating the normalized vegetation index(NDVI)for the study area in 2002—2018,the authors obtained vegetation changes in the study area.Using remote sensing monitoring methods and combined with various factors such as rainfall and industrial development,the authors studied evolutionary trends and driving factors of the Chaerhan Salt Lake.Some conclusions have been reached:①The development of salty field mine is the main factor causing the degradation of the Chaerhan Salt Lake.With the increase of the mining area of salt fields,the area of natural salt lakes has been greatly reduced,the amount of water has been reduced,and the salinization of water bodies has become serious.②The area of the Chaerhan Salt Lake is affected by precipitation.In the years of abundant rainfall,the area of the salt lake has been larger,and smaller changes occur in the area of salt lakes in less rainy years.③Mining of salt fields will affect the growth of vegetation.According to the field investigation,salt field mining leads to serious salinization of salt lake water,and vegetation can hardly grow in the high salinity area,so there is less vegetation around the salt lake.

关 键 词：察尔汗盐湖 NDVI 降雨 矿山开采 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]