阿尔都塞：社会再生产中的国家意识形态规训装置——以阿尔都塞《论再生产》为中心  

Althusser: National Ideological Disciplining Device in Social Reproduction——Centered on Althusser’s Sur la reproduction

作　　者：张一兵[1,2,3] Zhang Yibing

机构地区：[1]南京大学 [2]南京大学马克思主义社会理论研究中心 [3]南京大学哲学系

出　　处：《江苏社会科学》2020年第1期154-163,I0004,I0005,共12页Jiangsu Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“当代国外马克思主义研究”（2015MZD026）阶段性成果

摘　　要：在《论再生产》等论著中,阿尔都塞针对资本主义大机器生产的客观要求,新选取了劳动力再生产中的非物质条件视角,重点考察了劳动力的知识和技能培养的入门资格以及臣服于资产阶级统治关系的意识形态教化机制,进而提出了一个全新的概念,即意识形态国家装置。在资本主义生产关系再生产过程中,意识形态绝不仅仅是一种观念体系,同时也是一种以现实存在表现出来的特殊的非强制国家装置。意识形态国家装置成功地掩盖起自己的统治意图,在镇压性国家机器为它提供的"盾牌"后面,保障了社会再生产。意识形态国家装置的物性实践使相应的机构得以生成,而不是相反。直接贯彻统治阶级意志的国家意识形态装置,是原初的、基始性的意识形态赋型,不同于次生的意识形态。这种以家庭、学校和宗教等建构起来的非暴力意识形态装置,通过日常生活可以践行的物质活动,起到了比暴力性的国家机器重要得多的支配和控制作用。In the works such as Sur la reproduction, Althusser creatively selected the perspective of immateri-al conditions in labor reproduction in response to the objective requirements of capitalist large machineproduction, focusing on the qualifications for knowledge and skill training of labor force and the ideolog-ical education mechanism subjected to the bourgeois dominance relationship, and further brought for-ward a completely new theoretical point of view, namely the ideological state device. In the reproduction of capitalist production relations, ideology is by no means just a system of ideas, but also a special non-mandatory state device that manifests itself in real existence. The ideological state device successfullyconceals its own ruling intent, and behind the"shield"provided by the repressive state machine, itguarantees social reproduction. The physical practice of the ideological state device enables the corre-sponding institutions to be created, not the other way around. The national ideological device that direct-ly implements the will of the ruling class is an original, basic ideological formation, which is differentfrom the secondary ideology. This non-violent ideological device constructed with family, school, reli-gion, and etc., through the material activities that can be practiced in daily life, plays a much more im-portant role in dominating and controlling than violent state machine.

关 键 词：阿尔都塞 《论再生产》 意识形态装置 文化霸权 历史唯物主义 

分 类 号：D032[政治法律—政治学]