大城市流动人口的“职业转换”对工资影响的研究  

The Impact of Career Conversion of Migrant Workers in Big Cities on Wages

作　　者：王静[1,2] WANG Jing(Institute of Politics and Economics,Nanjing Audit University,Nanjing Jiangsu 211815,China;Antai College of Economics&Management,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China)

机构地区：[1]南京审计大学政治与经济研究院 [2]上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院

出　　处：《西北人口》2020年第2期13-26,共14页Northwest Population Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“新旧动能转换视角下本土企业创新的就业效应：理论机制与中国经验”（71940013）;江苏省社会科学基金青年项目“江苏省流动人口社会融入的指标测度与影响因素分析”（17SHC003）;江苏高校哲学社会科学基金项目“长三角地区流动人口空间有序集疏的机制研究”（2017SJB0344）;中国博士后科学基金第63批面上资助重点项目“中国经济转型背景下产业升级对就业结构影响研究”（2018M630427）

摘　　要：基于2010年流动人口动态监测数据,将职业转换分为上行、平行、下行流动,考察不同城市规模中外来务工人员职业转换及其收入效应差异。研究发现,不同的职业转换具有不同的收入效应,外来务工人员的职业转换多为平行流动,且平行职业流动比上行与下行职业流动提升工资水平更显著,尤其是在特大和超大城市中这一效果更明显。通过加入城市落户门槛和剔除外来群体中拥有城市户籍的人口两种稳健检验,城市规模对职业提升作用仍然显著。进一步研究发现,随着城市规模的扩大,外来人员的向上职业流动更频繁;受教育程度的提升成为助推外来务工人员职业向上流动的关键,且随着教育层级的提高,外来务工人员向上职业流动概率越高。流动人口近54%左右流入大城市,仅25%左右流入特大和超大城市。因此,政策制定者应放宽外来务工人员进入特大和超大城市的口径,除务工者自身受教育水平外企业的职业培训也不可忽视,宽松落户制度和完善就业保障制度,也可为其向上职业流动提供更多的机会。We analyzed the 2010 CMDS data and innovatively divided the career transition into upward,parallel,and downward flows to examine the career transitions of migrant workers in different city sizes and their income effects.The study found that different career transformations have different income effects,and the career transitions of migrant workers are mostly parallel flows.Parallel professional mobility is more significant than the upward and downward professional mobility,especially in the extra-large and super-large cities.By adding the city’s settlement threshold to control the urban influence and eliminating the two robust tests of the population with urban household registration in the group,the effect of urban scale on career promotion is still significant.Further factor analysis found that migrant workers increased their incomes,and as the city scale expanded,it promoted the upward mobility of outsiders.The improvement of education level has become the key to boosting the upward mobility of migrant workers.With the improvement of education level,the probability of migrant workers moving upwards is higher.Nearly 54%of the floating population has flowed into large cities,and only about 25%have flowed into large and megacities.Therefore,policy makers should relax the mobility of migrant workers into megacities and megacities.In addition to the vocational training of the workers themselves,the vocational training of enterprises can not be ignored.The loose settlement system and the improvement of the employment security system can also provide more opportunities for their upward career mobility.

关 键 词：职业转换 外来务工人员 城市规模 工资水平 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济]