基于临界氮浓度的宁夏玉米氮吸收与亏缺模型研究  

Nitrogen Uptake and Nitrogen Deficit Model of Drip Irrigation Maize in Ningxia Based on Critical Nitrogen Concentration

作　　者：贾彪[1] 付江鹏 JIA Biao;FU Jiangpeng(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2020年第1期256-263,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31560339);宁夏回族自治区科技重大专项(2018BBF0200404);宁夏区重点研发计划项目(2018BBF02018);“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD22B01)

摘　　要：以宁夏回族自治区当地玉米主栽品种天赐19为试验材料,设置6个氮素水平(0、90、180、270、360、450 kg/hm^2),研究滴灌玉米地上部生物量和氮累积动态变化,构建玉米临界氮稀释曲线模型,在此基础上构建氮吸收模型和氮累积亏缺模型,实现对滴灌玉米氮素营养状况的快速诊断。结果表明,滴灌玉米地上部干物质量增长和氮吸收累积均受施氮水平的影响,且随生育进程的推进呈上升趋势,氮累积量过高或过低均不利于产量形成,玉米植株存在氮奢侈消费现象;滴灌玉米临界氮浓度、最高和最低氮浓度与地上部干物质量之间均可用幂函数方程表示,其平均决定系数R^2分别为0.976、0.903和0.941,均达到极显著水平;基于临界氮浓度构建的氮吸收模型和氮累积亏缺模型对滴灌玉米生育期内氮素营养诊断结果一致,综合施氮量与产量的拟合曲线,推荐宁夏引黄灌区滴灌玉米施氮量以270~311 kg/hm^2为宜。研究结果可为宁夏引黄灌区滴灌玉米实现精准施肥和优化氮素管理提供理论参考。In order to explore the model of critical nitrogen dilution curve of maize under the integrated mode of drip irrigation and water fertilization,local maize main variety"Tianci 19"of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was used as the experimental material,and six nitrogen levels(0 kg/hm^2,90 kg/hm^2,180 kg/hm^2,270 kg/hm^2,360 kg/hm^2 and 450 kg/hm^2)were set,the dynamic changes of aboveground biomass and nitrogen accumulation in drip irrigation maize were studied,a critical nitrogen dilution curve model of maize was constructed,and a nitrogen absorption model and nitrogen accumulation deficit model were built on this basis to achieve rapid diagnosis of nitrogen nutrition status of drip irrigation maize.The results showed that the dry matter quality and nitrogen uptake of the aboveground drip irrigation were affected by the nitrogen application level,and it was increased with the progress of the growth process.The excessive or too low nitrogen accumulation was not conducive to the formation of yield,and the nitrogen of maize plants,the luxury consumption phenomenon existed.The critical nitrogen concentration,the highest and the lowest nitrogen concentrations of the drip irrigation maize can be expressed by the power function equation,and the average coefficient of determination R^2 was 0.976,0.903 and 0.941,respectively,which reached extremely significant level.The nitrogen uptake model and the nitrogen accumulation deficit model based on the critical nitrogen concentration were consistent with the results of nitrogen nutrition diagnosis during the growth period of drip irrigation maize,and the fitting curve of comprehensive nitrogen application rate and yield,recommending the nitrogen application rate of drip irrigation maize in Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation District as 270~311 kg/hm^2.The research result provided a theoretical reference for the precise fertilization and optimized nitrogen management of drip irrigation maize in Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation District.

关 键 词：玉米 水肥一体化 临界氮浓度 氮吸收模型 氮亏缺模型 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程] S513[农业科学—农业工程]