辐射花粉授粉诱导黄瓜单倍体及染色体加倍  

Induction of Haploid by Irradiated Pollen Pollination and Chromosome Doubling in Cucumber

作　　者：付文苑 唐兵 邓英 李芳 文林宏 Fu Wenyuan;Tang Bing;Deng Ying;Li Fang;Wen Linhong(Guizhou Horticultural Engineering Technology Research Center,Institute of Horticulture,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang,550006)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农科院园艺研究所贵州省园艺工程技术研究中心

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2019年第21期7150-7155,共6页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：贵州省蔬菜产业技术体系建设子项——蔬菜遗传与育种实验室建设(GZCYTX2019-0102);国家自然科学基金(31460515);黔农科院院专项([2015]19号);黔科合平台人才([2016]5671);黔科合平台人才([2017]5715);黔科合平台人才([2016]5671号);国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系贵阳综合试验站(CARS-23-G36);黔科合支撑([2019]2259号)共同资助

摘　　要：为探讨不同辐射剂量和基因型对黄瓜单倍体诱导的影响以及对染色体加倍技术的探究。本试验选用了5个不同基因型的黄瓜作为母本,选取雄花在150 Gy、200 Gy、250 Gy、300 Gy、350 Gy的60Coγ辐射剂量下辐射后对雌花进行授粉,通过胚拯救获得单倍体,然后用0.1%的秋水仙素和5%的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)处理单倍体植株茎尖进行染色体加倍。5个基因型累计授粉48朵雌花,收获22个瓜,诱导了8个胚,其中有5个胚再生出植株,获得了3个单倍体植株。单倍体染色体加倍采取浸泡0.1%的秋水仙素和5%的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)溶液1 h,植株正常生长,加倍率为72.5%。本试验研究发现60Coγ射线剂量为150 Gy时,能够对雄花有效灭活,对雌核发育诱导植株率最高,60%基因型能获得再生植株,单倍体再生率最高为0.81%。To investigate the effects of different radiation doses and genotypes on haploid induction in cucumber,and study on chromosome doubling technology. Five different genotypes of cucumber were selected as female parents in this experiment. Male flowers pollinated to female flowers after radiation with60 Coγ radiation dose at150 Gy, 200 Gy, 250 Gy, 300 Gy and 350 Gy, and haploids were obtained by tissue culture, and study on chromosome doubling of haploid shoot tips treated with 0.1% colchicine and 5% dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO).Forty-eight female flowers were pollinated and 22 melons were harvested from the female parents of five genotypes. Seven embryos were induced, of which five embryos regenerated plants and three haploid plants were obtained. The haploid chromosomes were doubled by soaking 0.1% colchicine and 5% DMSO solution for 1 h.The plant grew normally, and the doubling rate was 72.5%. The results showed that60 Cγ radiation dose of 150 Gy could effectively inactivate male flowers and induce gynogenesis with the highest rate of plant regeneration. 60%of genotypes could regenerate plants, and the highest rate of haploid regeneration was 0.81%.

关 键 词：黄瓜(Cucumis SATIVUS L.) 60Coγ辐射授粉 单倍体 倍性鉴定 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]