基于最速降线原理的免耕播种机强制回土装置研究  

Design and Test of Forced-return Device Based on Principle of Brachistochrone

作　　者：史乃煜 陈海涛[1] 魏志鹏 柴誉铎 侯守印[1] 王星 SHI Naiyu;CHEN Haitao;WEI Zhipeng;CHAI Yuduo;HOU Shouyin;WANG Xing(College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2020年第2期37-44,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(GARS-04);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201004)

摘　　要：针对免耕播种机在湿黏土壤条件下施肥铲回填性能弱,导致种肥同床的问题,基于最速降线原理设计了一种强制回土装置,将理论分析、虚拟仿真与试验相结合,探究强制回土装置最优结构与参数组合。应用三因素三水平正交试验方法,以作业速度、回流挡板间距和回流挡板与地表夹角为试验因素,以土壤回填率和单体通过性为评价指标,对影响强制回土装置作业性能的相关参数进行试验与优化研究。试验结果表明,在参数组合为作业速度1.5 m/s、回流挡板间距112 mm、回流挡板与地表夹角60°时,土壤回填率为91.2%,作业过程未发生单体堵塞现象。对比试验表明,优化后的最速降线式强制回土装置较直板式强制回土装置的土壤回填率提升了16.5%。The seeding drill unit is mainly composed of working parts which include a seed and fertilizer opener,a seeding apparatus,a soil covering and pressure device,et al.The seeding operation is carried out,and when working under the condition of wet clay.The backfill performance of the fertilization shovel is weak,because of the soil fluidity is poor.The phenomenon of“burn seed”was occurred due to seed and fertilizer at the same seed bed.In addition,to ensure that soil has sufficient time to return the fertilizer ditch,the operation speed of the implement cannot be too fast.Moreover,the mechanical operation of high-efficiency seeding and fertilization is restricted.Aiming at the existing problems and the background of the existing research,a forced soil-returning device was designed on the basis of the principle of brachistochrone.The optimal structure and the parameter combination of the forced soil-return device were explored through the combination of theoretical analysis,the virtual simulation and the test,and the three-factor three-level orthogonal test method were applied.Taking the working speed,distance of return-baffle and included angle of return-baffle and soil surface as the test factors.The soil backfill rate and the pass-through property of drill unit were used as evaluation indexes.And the related parameters affecting the operation performance of the forced soil-returning device were tested and optimized.The test results showed that for the soil backfilling rate Y 1,the working speed and backflow baffle spacing had a significant effect on it(P<0.01),and the influence of the angle between the backflow baffle and the surface was not significant(P>0.05).To the pass-through property of drill unit Y 2,the backflow baffle spacing and the angle between the return baffle and the surface were extremely significant(P<0.01),and the working speed had a significant effect on it(0.01<P<0.05).When the parameter combination was 1.5 m/s,the return baffle spacing was 112 mm,the angle between the return baffle and the

关 键 词：免耕播种机 最速降线 强制回土装置 土壤回填 正交试验 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]