千金子与异型莎草对直播水稻产量的影响及其生态经济阈值研究  

Effects and eco-economic thresholds of Leptochloa chinensis and Cyperus difformis on the yield of direct-seeding rice

作　　者：田志慧[1] 陆俊尧 袁国徽 沈国辉[1] TIAN Zhihui;LU Junyao;YUAN Guohui;SHEN Guohui(Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China;School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所,上海201403 [2]华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院,上海200241

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2020年第3期328-336,共9页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：上海市科技创新行动计划(16391901800);上海市现代农业水稻产业技术体系(201903);上海市农业科学院卓越团队项目[农科创2018(B-01)]资助~~

摘　　要：摘 要: 千金子和异型莎草均是直播稻田的恶性杂草, 危害水稻的生长发育, 对水稻生产造成严重威胁。为明 确千金子和异型莎草对直播稻产量的影响及其生态经济阈值, 采用添加系列试验法和模型拟合法研究不同密 度千金子和异型莎草组合和与水稻不同共生时间下水稻产量性状的变化规律。结果表明, 随着千金子和异型 莎草组合密度增加以及与水稻共生时间延长, 水稻的有效穗数、每穗实粒数、千粒重和产量均逐渐下降。当 千金子+异型莎草密度增加至 8 株·m 2+8 株·m 2, 水稻产量仅 2 236.37 kg·hm 2, 与空白对照相比产量损失率 为 71.14%;在千金子 4.67 株·m 2+异型莎草 3.50 株·m 2 的平均密度下, 二者与水稻在整个生育期共生时, 水 稻产量为 5 138.33 kg·hm 2, 与空白对照相比产量损失率为 33.37%。低密度、短时间共生的两杂草组合对水稻 产量无显著影响。但从密度梯度看, 在两种杂草与水稻整个生育期共生条件下, 杂草复合密度达到4.14 株·m 2 时, 则必须对其进行防除;从共生时间的尺度看, 在试验设置密度条件下, 必须在水稻种植后的 16.7 d 进行杂 草防除, 否则将对水稻产量和经济效益造成显著影响。在对复合杂草生态经济阈值分析的基础上进行杂草防 除, 可避免除草剂盲目使用, 对减少除草剂使用次数, 降低除草剂用量、节约除草成本和保护农田生态环境具 有指导作用。The weeds in rice fields are an important factor affecting rice production.It is important for agricultural development to emphasize both the economic and ecological benefits of rice field weed control.The scientific control of weeds in rice fields according to an eco-economic threshold is an effective way to ensure rice production and protect the environment.Leptochloa chinensis and Cyperus difformis are malignant weeds in rice fields and a significant threat to rice production.To determine the effects and eco-economic thresholds of L.chinensis and C.difformis on the yield of direct-seeded rice,field experiments were performed with 13 mixed densities and 6 coexistence periods with rice of L.chinensis and C.difformis.The results showed that the rice yield traits,such as the number of effective spikes,filled grains per panicle,1000-grain weight,and rice yield,decreased with the increasing density and coexistence period with rice of L.chinensis and C.difformis.The rice yield loss rate was positively correlated with the mixed density and coexistence period of the two weeds,and there were significant differences among the treatments with different mixed weed densities and coexistence periods.When the density of L.chinensis+C.difformis was 8+8 plants per m2,the rice yield was 2236.37 kg·hm–2 and the rice yield loss rate was 71.14%.At the average density of 4.67 plants per m2 for L.chinensis and 3.50 plants per m2 for C.difformis,when the coexistence period corresponded with the whole rice growth period,the rice yield was 5138.33 kg·hm–2 and the yield loss rate was 33.37%.Weeds at a low density or with a short coexistence period with rice had no significant effect on the rice yield.When L.chinensis and C.difformis coexisted with rice during the whole growth period,the threshold for the composit density of the two weeds was 4.14 plants per m2.In addition,under the density conditions of the experiment,when the two weeds grew in a rice field for 16.7 days,the weeding should be conducted.In this study,the idea of con

关 键 词：直播水稻 千金子 异型莎草 杂草密度 共生时间 水稻产量 生态经济阈值 

分 类 号：S451.1[农业科学—植物保护]