有机培肥与耕作方式对稻麦轮作土壤团聚体和有机碳组分的影响?  

Effects of organic fertilization and tillage method on soil aggregates and organic carbon fractions in a wheat-rice system

作　　者：张志毅[1] 熊桂云[1] 吴茂前[1] 范先鹏[1] 冯婷婷 巴瑞先[1] 段申荣 ZHANG Zhiyi;XIONG Guiyun;WU Maoqian;FAN Xianpeng;FENG Tingting;BA Ruixian;DUAN Shenrong(Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control/Qianjiang Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment and Arable Land Conservation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P.R.China/Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P.R.China/Hubei Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Environmental Control,Wuhan 430064,China;Agricultural Technology Service Center of Gufu Town,Xingshan County,Yichang City,Hubei Province,Yichang 443799,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所/湖北省农业面源污染防治工程技术研究中心/农业农村部潜江农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站/农业农村部废弃物肥料化利用重点实验室/农业环境治理湖北省工程研究中心,武汉430064 [2]湖北省宜昌市兴山县古夫镇农业技术服务中心,宜昌443799

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2020年第3期405-412,共8页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300902);湖北省农业科学院重大专项项目(2017CGPY03)资助~~

摘　　要：为了明确不同外源有机物和耕作方式对土壤地力培育的影响,以水稻-小麦轮作系统为对象,通过2个年度(2016—2018年)大田试验研究了外源有机物(秸秆和有机肥)和耕作方式及其交互作用[稻麦秸秆还田配合旋耕(SR),稻麦秸秆还田配合翻耕(SP),秸秆不还田、增施有机肥配合旋耕(MR),秸秆不还田、增施有机肥配合翻耕(MP),秸秆不还田、不施用有机肥、旋耕深度15 cm(CKR)]对土壤团聚体和有机碳组成的短期影响。结果表明:SR处理能够降低水稻季土壤容重并增加总孔隙度。相比CKR,小麦季SR处理显著增加>0.05 mm水稳性团聚体含量,增加量为7.2%。此外,外源有机物和耕作对土壤有机碳活性组分具有显著影响。其中,易氧化有机碳(EOC)主要受耕作与有机物交互作用影响,酸水解有机碳(LPIc和LPIIc)主要受耕作措施的影响,SR处理的土壤EOC和LPIc含量比CKR提高0.3~2.6 g·kg−1。颗粒有机碳(POC)主要受外源有机物的影响,并且秸秆还田处理POC平均含量高于增施有机肥处理,增加量为0.75 g·kg−1。短期内,外源有机物和耕作及其交互作用对稳定性有机碳(黑碳和矿物结合态有机碳)的影响较小。综上,秸秆还田配合旋耕有助于提高土壤水稳性团聚体和活性有机碳的含量(EOC、LPIc和POC)。In order to clarify the effect of different exogenous organic materials and tillage methods on soil fertility,with the rice and wheat rotation system as the study object,a two-year field experiment was conducted to study the short-term effects of different exogenous organic materials,tillage methods,and their interactions on soil aggregate and organic carbon composition.The results revealed that straw returning with rotary tillage method could decrease soil bulk density and increase total porosity.Compared with non-straw-returning treatment(CKR),the>0.05-mm water-stable aggregate content with straw-returning treatment under rotary tillage(SR)significantly increased(7.2%)in the wheat growing season.In addition,exogenous organic matter and tillage methods had significant effects on soil active organic carbon.Among them,easily oxidized organic carbon(EOC)was significantly affected by the interaction of exogenous organic materials and tillage method,and the acid-hydrolyzed organic carbon(LPIc and LPIIc)was significantly affected by the tillage method.Compared with CKR treatment,the concentration of EOC and LPIc with straw-returning treatment under rotary tillage increased by 0.32.6 g·kg−1.The content of particulate organic carbon(POC)was significantly affected by exogenous organic materials,and the average POC content with straw-returning treatments was higher than that with organic fertilizer application treatments(increased by 0.75 gkg 1).In the short term,exogenous organic materials,tillage methods,and their interactions had negligible effect on the stability of organic carbon(black carbon and mineral-bonded organic carbon).In conclusion,straw returning combined with rotary tillage could improve the content of soil water-stable aggregates and active organic carbon(EOC,LPIc,and POC).

关 键 词：水稻-小麦轮作 秸秆还田 耕作措施 土壤团聚体 活性有机碳 稳定性有机碳 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]