三种豆科作物与玉米间作对玉米生产力和种间竞争的影响  

Productivity and interspecific competition of maize intercropped with faba bean, soybean or pea

作　　者：赵建华[1] 孙建好[1] 陈亮之 ZHAO Jian-hua;SUN Jian-hao;CHEN Liang-zhi(Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所

出　　处：《草业学报》2020年第1期86-94,共9页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201808-02)资助

摘　　要：合理的种间配置是间作系统中作物获取高产,种间相互作用发挥优势的关键。本研究设置蚕豆/玉米(M/F)、大豆/玉米(M/S)和豌豆/玉米(M/P) 3种豆科作物与玉米间作模式,以及相应单作种植,通过测定单间作条件下作物产量、生物量,明确3种豆科作物与玉米间作对间作玉米生产力和间作作物种间资源竞争力的影响。结果表明,3种间作模式均具有间作优势,土地当量比(LER)均大于1,两年平均土地当量比分别为1.38 (M/F)、1.19 (M/S)、1.26 (M/P);两年结果均是M/S中玉米产量最高,至收获期,与大豆间作的玉米产量可达单作玉米产量的93.6%(2017)和71.2%(2018);M/S中玉米的穗粒数显著高于M/F和M/P中;地上部生物量及采样期平均生长速率均表现为M/S>M/P>M/F;共生期内大豆相对于玉米的资源竞争力(Asm)随共生期推进逐渐降低,而蚕豆相对于玉米的竞争力(Afm)和豌豆相对于玉米的竞争力(Apm)逐渐升高;玉米单独生长时期3种间作模式玉米的补偿效应(CE)无显著差异,各间作模式两年平均CE值均小于1;因此,在本试验条件下,甘肃河西走廊灌区玉米与大豆间作是保证间作玉米稳产的有效措施。A key factor for obtaining high yield and advantages of interspecific interaction when intercropping is the selection of compatible intercrop species. A field experiment was conducted with three intercropping species combinations: maize/faba bean(M/F), maize/soybean(M/S) and maize/pea(M/P), and the corresponding sole crops. Yield and biomass data for the three intercrop combinations and the four sole species were collected to define the effect of the three legume crops on the productivity and competition dynamics of the legumes when intercropped with maize. The results showed an obvious intercropping advantage for all three legumes intercropped with maize. Land equivalent ratio(LER) values averaged over two seasons were 1.38, 1.19, and 1.26 for M/F, M/S and M/P, respectively. The greatest harvest yield of intercropped maize was obtained from M/S intercropping. At harvest, the yield of maize intercropped with soybean(M/S) was 93.6%(2017) and 71.2%(2018) of sole maize(SM), respectively;Additionally, M/S produced more grains per ear than M/F or M/P. The aboveground biomass and average growth rate during the sampling stage of intercropped maize ranked: M/S>M/P>M/F. The aggressivity of soybean relative to maize(Asm) decreased, and the aggressivity of faba bean relative to maize(Afm) and of peas relative to maize(Apm) increased during co-growth period. There was no significant difference in compensation effect(CE) between the three intercropping patterns during early growth of maize, and the average CE value over the two years was below 1. Therefore, based on the present study, maize intercropped with soybean is an efficient intercrop combination in the Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province.

关 键 词：玉米/豆科作物间作 产量 种间竞争 生态位 生长 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S643S565.1