专利联营滥用市场支配地位类型学分析  

Typological Analysis of Abuse of Market Dominance in Patent Joint Ventures

作　　者：张世明[1] 胡洁[2] ZHANG Shiming;HU Jie(Law School,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872;Business and Management School,Shanghai International Studies University,Shanghai 201620)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872 [2]上海外国语大学国际工商管理学院,上海201620

出　　处：《内蒙古师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第1期31-60,共30页Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：专利联营主要涉及专利使用许可,是企业推广技术标准、获取经济效益的重要工具;前者为“体”,后者为“用”。在信息技术行业中,围绕共同技术标准形成一个池相对简单,并且可以确定哪些专利对于标准是必要的。在生物技术和制药方面,恰恰由于技术标准难以精确定义,因此专利池的形成往往更加困难。标准组织并不鉴别必要专利和非必要专利,但入池专利的必要性的标准是专利池最重要的标准之一,也是专利联营据以决定专利权人许可费的依据所在。竞争专利、障碍专利、互补专利三类性质的专利的彼此需求程度强弱不同,对市场竞争的影响也差异明显。当专利池参与者形成竞争关系时,专利池很可能会限制相关市场中的有效竞争。虽然知识产权法也关注反竞争的限制行为,但其关切对象应该更加广泛,包括即便不违反反垄断法但削弱这些知识产权政策的行为。反垄断法仅旨在确定特定类型的危害,无法解决所有专利政策问题,不应该以反垄断法界定滥用法则的调整范围。与专利池相关的滥用市场支配地位行为包括垄断高价、拒绝交易、搭售、回授条款、过期专利的专利许可费、歧视性条款和不质疑性条款。The essence of the patent pool is a collection of patent rights based on the agreement.The patent alliance is a collection of patent owners in the pool;the patent alliance is the subject,and the patent pool is the object.The members of the patent alliance are patent holders,and the patent pool is composed of the patent;in the information technology industry,forming a pool around common technical standards is relatively simple and can determine which patents are essential for the standard.The standard essential patent organization is mainly responsible for the formulation of standards.The patent joint venture mainly involves patent licenses.It is an important tool for enterprises to promote technical standards and obtain economic benefits.In biotechnology and pharmaceuticals,patent pool formation is often more difficult,precisely because technical standards are difficult to define precisely.The standards organization does not identify essential and non-essential patents.However,the standard of the necessity of entering the pool patent is one of the most important standards of the patent pool,and it is also the basis for the patent joint venture to determine the license fee of the patentee.The three types of patents,namely competition patents,barrier patents,and complementary patents,have different levels of demand,and the impact on market competition is also significant.When the patent pool participants form a competitive relationship,it is very likely that the patent pool will restrict the effective competition in the relevant market.While intellectual property law also focuses on anti-competitive restrictions,its concerns should be broader,including the act of weakening these intellectual property policies,even if they do not violate antitrust laws.The anti-monopoly law is only intended to identify certain types of hazards and cannot solve all patent policy issues.The scope of adjustment of the abuse law should not be defined by anti-monopoly law.Abuse of market dominance related to patent pooling includes monop

关 键 词：专利联营 滥用市场支配地位 类型学 

分 类 号：DF414[政治法律—经济法学]