1932年北方会议与中共的华北建军尝试  

The Northern Conference in 1932 and the Attempt of the Communist Party of China to Establish an Army in North China

作　　者：张永[1] Zhang Yong

机构地区：[1]北京大学马克思主义学院中国近现代史研究所

出　　处：《近代史研究》2020年第1期82-99,M0004,共19页Modern Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：从1931年到1933年,日本关东军对东北和华北的入侵严重削弱了国民党在北方的统治。在抗日浪潮中,中共的革命机会显著增加。上海临时中央顺应形势变化,积极在抗日活动中扩大影响,对北方革命的重要性也有了新的认识。中华苏维埃共和国于1932年4月对日本宣战后,临时中央于6月召集北方会议,提出反对"关门主义",在北方有条件的地方发动游击战争,建立红军。华北党组织在河北、山东等地发起了一系列农民暴动,建立了一些游击队。1933年1月,中共又发表宣言,表示愿意与任何不反共的爱国军队建立合作关系,同时派出中央驻北方代表,相当于重设北方局。中共特科与地方组织对西北军、东北军等国民党军队也加强了渗透,并在1933年察哈尔抗日活动中掌握了数千人的军队。这些尝试虽然都遭遇挫折,但扩大了中共的声威,在北方军队和地方社会中散播了很多革命的种子,建立了不少关系网络,为抗日战争时期中共在华北的崛起打下一定的基础。From 1931 to 1933,the invasion of the Japanese Kwantung Army to northeastern and northern China significantly weakened the Nationalist rule in the north.In the high tide of the anti-Japanese sentiment,the chance for the Chinese Communist revolution increased enormously.The temporary party center in Shanghai took this opportunity to expand the influence of the Communist Party in the anti-Japanese activities in the north.After the Chinese Soviet Republic announced the war against Japan in April 1932,the temporary party center held the Northern Conference in June and proposed to launch guerilla war and rallied a red army in the north.Thus,the party organs in northern China launched a series of peasant uprisings in Hebei and Shandong and formed some guerilla forces.In January 1933,the Communist Party expressed its intention to cooperate with any patriotic armies not opposing Communism and sent representatives to the north.The special agents and local organizations of the Communist Party also made more efforts to penetrate into the Northwest Army and Northeast Army and even controlled a troop with several thousands soldiers in the anti-Japanese activities in Chahaer in 1933.Although these attempts were abortive,they enhanced the fame of the Communist Party and sowed seeds of revolution in the northern troops and local society and laid the foundation for the rise of the Communist Party in northern China in the all-out War of Resistance.

关 键 词：北方会议 临时中央 抗日同盟军 西北军 东北军 

分 类 号：E297.2[军事—军事理论] K263[历史地理—历史学]