土壤中添加生物炭对盐碱胁迫下绿豆生长的影响  

Effects of Biochar Addition in Soil on the Growth of Mung Bean under Salt-Alkali Stress

作　　者：张圣也 付东波 刘慧敏 王柏 廖梅芳 李佐同 赵长江 ZHANG Shengye;FU Dongbo;LIU Huimin;WANG Bai;LIAO Meifang;LI Zuotong;ZHAO Changjiang(College of Agriculture,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Crop Straw Utilization/Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation Technology and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province,Daqing 163319,China;Eight Five Zero Farm of Heilongjiang Province,Hulin 158422,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省秸秆资源化利用工程技术研究中心/黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]黑龙江省八五零农场,黑龙江虎林158422

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2020年第2期68-73,共6页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家“十三五”重点研发项目(2017YFD0200803);中央引导地方科技发展专项(ZY16A06);黑龙江省农垦总局科技攻关项目(HNK135-02-05);黑龙江省农垦总局重点科研计划项目(HKKY190210)

摘　　要：以绿丰二号绿豆品种为试验材料,以不添加生物炭土壤为对照(0%,CK),设置生物炭含量分别占盆栽土壤质量的10%、20%,共3个生物炭梯度处理,采用3种碳酸氢钠碱溶液(0、100、200 mmol/L)进行灌根处理,于开花结荚期取样测定绿豆生长和理化指标,研究盐碱胁迫下施用不同比例生物炭对绿豆生长的影响,为盐碱地的修复、开发和利用以及盐碱地绿豆的优质高产栽培提供依据。结果表明,在不添加生物炭条件下,盐碱胁迫导致绿豆植株生物量、株高、叶面积、叶绿素含量、Fv/Fm和根系形态指标均显著下降,且绿豆植株中Na^+含量显著增加,K^+、Ca^2+、Mg^2+含量显著降低。添加生物炭处理对盐碱胁迫下绿豆植株生长和体内离子含量有着积极影响,尤其在生物炭添加比例20%处理下,200 mmol/L碳酸氢钠胁迫处理绿豆地下干质量、地上干质量、株高和叶面积分别增加75.00%、19.72%、54.82%和123.10%,根长、总根表面积、根尖数分别增加57.85%、488.50%、227.83%,而根系平均直径无显著变化。此外,添加生物炭提高了绿豆叶片叶绿素含量和Fv/Fm,同时提高了植株K^+、Ca^2+、Mg^2+含量,降低了Na^+含量。可见,添加生物炭可以改善盐碱胁迫下绿豆植株地下根系和地上茎叶形态,改善叶片光合性能和根系功能,从而促进绿豆生物量的积累,为后期产量形成奠定基础。总体而言,20%生物炭处理效果优于10%生物炭处理。In the study,mung bean cultivar Lüfeng 2 was used as test material,and no biochar treatment was regarded as control group(0%,CK).And the other two were 10%and 20%biochar treatments.Three different kinds of sodium bicarbonate solution(0,100,200 mmol/L)were used for root treatment,and then the growth and physical and chemical indicators of mung bean were determined at flowering and pod-forming stage,in order to study the effects of different proportions of biochar on the growth of mung bean seedlings under salt-alkali stress,which would provide a basis for the restoration,exploitation and utilization of saline-alkali land and the high-quality and high-yield cultivation of mung bean in saline-alkali land.The results indicated that the mung bean biomass,plant height,leaf area,chlorophyll content,Fv/Fm and root morphological indexes decreased significantly in CK group under salt-alkali stress,and the Na^+content in mung bean plants increased markedly while the contents of K^+,Ca^2+and Mg^2+significantly reduced.The addition of biochar had a positive effect on the growth and ion accumulation of mung bean plants under salt-alkali stress,especially the 20%biochar treatment in which the root dry mass,aboveground dry weight,plant height and leaf area increased by 75.00%,19.72%,54.82%and 123.10%,and the root length,total root surface area and root tip number increased by 57.85%,488.50%and 227.83%under 200 mmol/L sodium bicarbonate solution,while the average diameter of the roots did not change significantly.In addition,the addition of biochar increased the chlorophyll content and Fv/Fm value of mung bean leaves,and increased the contents of K^+,Ca^2+and Mg^2+,and decreased the Na^+content.Obviously,the addition of biochar can improve the morphology of the roots,shoots and leaves of mung bean plants,improve the leaf photosynthesis and root functions,and promote the accumulation of mung bean biomass,which will lay a foundation for later mung bean yield under saline-alkali stress.Overall,20%biochar treatment was better than 1

关 键 词：绿豆 生物炭 盐碱胁迫 根系 离子含量 

分 类 号：S522[农业科学—作物学]