低碳技术创新的国际比较和趋势分析  

International Comparison of Low-Carbon Technology Innovation and Trend Analysis

作　　者：李力[1] LI Li(China Center for Modernization Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院中国现代化研究中心,北京100190

出　　处：《生态经济》2020年第3期13-17,共5页Ecological Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“中欧产业环境创新对环境规制的响应及其绩效研究——以大气污染防治为例”(41801214);中国科学院发展规划局战略研究专项“世界现代化的动态监测与研究”(GHJ-ZLZX-2019-15)。

摘　　要：基于经合组织(OECD)专利数据库,对技术创新前20名(技术专利申请量)国家的低碳技术创新进行国际比较研究。利用累计低碳技术专利量和占比、低碳技术创新密度衡量低碳技术创新的水平;利用低碳技术创新质量指数衡量创新的质量,运用相关分析方法研究低碳技术创新的影响因素,并分析低碳技术总体创新和具体领域创新的趋势变化。研究表明:2005—2014年,中国累计低碳技术专利量排世界第五名,低碳技术创新质量指数接近世界发达水平,但低碳技术创新密度先升后降,2014年仅为世界平均水平的31%;大部分国家低碳技术专利申请量与人均国民生产总值有强正相关关系,与环境政策严厉性正相关,能源和工业部门的低碳技术专利申请量与部门温室气体排放量存在强正向相关关系;低碳技术发展可能存在拐点,中国在低碳技术创新密度上还有很大发展空间,在低碳技术创新质量上也有上升空间。Based on the OECD patent database,this paper conducts an international comparative study of low-carbon technology innovations in the top 20(technical patent applications)countries for technological innovation.Accumulated low-carbon technology patents and ratio,low-carbon technology innovation density are used to measure the level of innovation.Low-carbon technology patent quality index is used to measure the quality of innovation.Relevant analysis methods are applied to study the influencing factors of low-carbon technology innovation.The trends of overall innovation and specific field innovation of low-carbon technologies are analyzed as well.Research shows that from 2005 to 2014,China ranked fifth in the world for cumulative low-carbon technology patents.The innovation quality index is close to the world's advanced level.However,the density of low-carbon technology innovation rose first and then decreased,and is only 31%of the world's average by 2014.In most countries,there is a strong positive correlation between low-carbon technology patent applications and per capita GDP,and the severity of environmental policies.There is a strong positive correlation between low-carbon technology patent applications and greenhouse gas emissions in energy and industry sectors.There may be a turning point in the development of low-carbon technologies.China still has a lot of room for development in the density of low-carbon technology innovation and room for improvement in the quality of low-carbon technology innovation.

关 键 词：低碳发展 低碳技术 技术创新 专利 相关性分析 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学]