行政处罚的种类多元化及其防控——兼论我国《行政处罚法》第8条的修改方案  

The Diversification of Types of Administrative Punishments and Its Prevention and Control——Suggestion on the Amendment to Article 8 of the Administrative Punishment Law

作　　者：熊樟林[1] Xiong Zhanglin

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院

出　　处：《政治与法律》2020年第3期77-93,共17页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“《行政处罚法》归责性条款修改研究”(项目编号:19CFX023)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：在风险社会和信息社会的复杂需求下,行政机关需要多元化处罚种类,但这一直受制于我国《行政处罚法》第8条的保守立场。应当明确,试图以该法第8条限制处罚种类既不现实,也没有必要,只会创造更多的“法外行为”并限制地方政府的执法创新。立法机关应秉承更为开放的观念,通过修法实现行政处罚种类的多元化。首先,应考虑在该条添加行政处罚的概念条款,以“行政制裁”、“违法行为”、“基于威慑目的”三项要素澄清行政处罚的本质,明确行政处罚的概念族群,剔除长期以来的争议行为;其次,在概念条款的指引下,着手修订现行列举性条款,设计更为开放的分类条款和兜底条款,授权规章在处罚种类上的创设权,提供可供法律解释的文本依据,扩大我国《行政处罚法》的规范容量,丰富处罚种类;最后,基于控权需要,应运用层级保留技术对我国《行政处罚法》第12条第2款、第13条第2款做配套修订,将分类条款和兜底条款限定在可控范围之内,从而防止处罚种类的多元化异变为失序化。Due to complex needs in the risk society and information society,the administrative organ needs diversified types of punishment,but they have long been subject to the conservative position of Article 8 of the Administrative Punishment Law.It should be made clear that attempt to limit the types of punishment through Article 8 is neither realistic nor necessary,which will instead create more"extrajudicial practices"and curb the innovation in the law enforcement of local governments.Therefore,the legislator should adopt a more open idea to realize the diversification of the types of administrative punishment by revising the law.Firstly,the legislator should consider adding a clause on the concept of administrative penalty to Article 8 to clarify the nature of administrative penalty through three elements,i.e."administrative sanction","illegal act"and"being based on the purpose of deterrence",make clear the group of the concept of administrative penalty,and eliminate the long-standing controversies;Secondly,under the guidance of the concept clause,the legislator should start to revise the current enumeration clause,design more open classification clause and miscellaneous clause,authorize the rules with the power of creating types of punishments,provide a text as the basis for legal interpretation,expand the capacity of norms in the Administrative Punishment Law,and enrich the types of punishments;Thirdly,based on the necessity of controlling power,the legislator should apply the technique of hierarchical reservation in the corresponding amendment to the Paragraph 2 of Article 12 and Paragraph 2 of Article 13 of the Administrative Punishment Law to keep the classification clause and miscellaneous clause under control,so as to prevent the diversification of types of punishment from becoming disordered.

关 键 词：行政处罚法 处罚种类 概念条款 分类条款 

分 类 号：DF31[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]