农户兼业化、土地细碎化与农机社会化服务——以江西省为例  

Part-time farming,land fragmentation,and socialized agricultural machinery services:A case study of Jiangxi Province

作　　者：郭如良[1] 刘子玉 陈江华 GUO Ru-liang;LIU Zi-yu;CHEN Jiang-hua(Rural Revitalization Strategy Research Institute and School of Economics&Management,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学乡村振兴战略研究院/经济管理学院

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2020年第1期135-143,共9页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71573111);江西省社会科学规划项目(17GL06);江西省青年马克思主义工程项目(19QM96)~~

摘　　要：随着农户兼业化发展,务农劳动力流失效应日趋严重,农机社会化服务急需加强。但我国户均承包的小规模经营方式以及土地肥瘦搭配的细碎化问题又阻滞农机社会化服务的发展,其间矛盾亟待解决。基于理性小农理论,利用江西省水稻种植户的微观调查数据,采用二元Probit模型,分析农户兼业化与土地细碎化对农机社会化服务的影响,探讨其作用机制,并通过工具变量法解决农户兼业化与农机社会化服务采用之间的内生性问题。结果表明:农机社会化服务已成为大多数农户的选择,82.41%的农户在其农业生产任一环节使用了农机社会化服务,农户在收割和整地两大生产环节的农机社会化服务采用比例分别为84.01%和59.53%。矫正内生性后,农户兼业化对农机社会化服务的采用具有显著的正向影响,土地细碎化负向调节农户兼业化对农机社会化服务采用的积极影响。同时,农机社会化服务满意度、户主年龄、受教育情况、健康状况、家里到县城距离对农户采用农机社会化服务有显著的影响。据此,提出应抓住高标准农田建设机遇,降低土地细碎化程度;加强农机社会化服务供给侧结构性改革,保障农机社会化服务供需协调;加快培育新型农业经营主体,促进小农户与现代农业有机衔接。With the development of farmers’concurrent part-time farming,the loss of agricultural labor has become increasingly serious,and socialized agricultural machinery services need to be strengthened.However,the small-scale operation mode contracted by every household and the fragmentation problem of the combination of land fertility and thinness hinder the development of socialized agricultural machinery services.Based on the theory of rational smallholder and a micro survey data of rice farmers in Jiangxi Province,this paper applied a binary Probit model to analyze the influences of part-time farming and land fragmentation on socialized agricultural machinery services,to explore its working mechanism,and discuss the endogeneity and causality between farmers’part-time farming and the adoption of socialized agricultural machinery services by the instrumental variable method.Results show that:82.41%of farmers used socialized agricultural machinery services in two major production stages:harvesting(84.01%)and land preparation(59.53%).After correcting endogeneity,the part-time farming of farmers has a significant positive impact on the adoption of socialized agricultural machinery services,and land fragmentation reduces the positive impact of parttime farming on the adoption of socialized agricultural machinery services.At the same time,farmers’satisfaction of socialized agricultural machinery services,household head age,education,health status,home to county distance have significant impacts on the adoption of socialized agricultural machinery services.Therefore,this paper provides the following suggestions:1)taking the opportunity of establishing high quality farmland to reduce the degree of farmland fragmentation;2)strengthening structural reform in the supply of socialized agricultural machinery services and ensuring the balance between supply and demand of socialized agricultural machinery services,and 3)accelerating the cultivation of new agribusiness entities to promote the organic connection between small f

关 键 词：农机社会化服务 农户兼业化 土地细碎化 作用机制 IV-Probit模型 工具变量法 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]