教练员临场决策的困境与出路——基于篮球教练员的质性研究  

Dilemma and outlet of coaches’ on-the-spot decision: Based on qualitative analysis of basketball coaches

作　　者：张铭鑫[1] 练碧贞[1] 刘永峰[2] 单曙光[3] 张遥磊 ZHANG Ming-xin;LIAN Bi-zhen;LIU Yong-feng;SHAN Shu-guang;ZHANG Yao-lei(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Chengdu Sport University,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan,China;Wuhan Sports University,Wuhan 430079,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084 [2]成都体育学院,四川成都610041 [3]武汉体育学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《山东体育学院学报》2019年第6期107-112,共6页Journal of Shandong Sport University

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“体育协会改革趋势下我国国家队体制机制创新研究”(16BTYD86)

摘　　要：教练员作为竞技体育活动的主体构件,直接影响运动员竞技表现,进而决定比赛的胜负。运用访谈调查的质性研究方法,以篮球教练员的临场决策作为对象,明确了包括决策主体、领域和层次三大本源问题,发现篮球教练员临场决策存在的四大现实困境:训练与比赛脱节;临场信息的处理;环境因素复杂性;个体经验式决策依赖严重。提出解决教练员临场决策的建议:1)把握训练与比赛的辩证关系;2)设定“有限理性”比赛目标和“冗余”的比赛计划;3)完善教练团队配置,明确组织分工;4)建立理性与直觉结合的决策模式。As the main component of competitive sports activities,coaches directly affect the athletes'performance and then determine the outcome of the competition.However,on-the-spot decision-making have plagued coaches.By using qualitative research methods of interview surveys,this paper takes basketball coaches'on-the-spot decision making as the object,and clarifies three core boundary problems including decision subjects,decision areas and decision levels.It finds out four practical dilemmas of basketball coaches'on-the-spot decision making:1)Disengagement between training and competition;2)Processing of on-the-spot information;3)Complexity of environmental factors;4)Individual empirical decision-making relies heavily.Through interviews and combined with modern decision theory,this paper proposes a solution to the coach's decision on the spot:1)Grasp the dialectical relationship between training and competition;2)Set the"bounded rationality"competition goal and"redundant"competition plan;3)Improve the coaching team configuration and clearly specify the job assignment;4)Establish rationality and intuition combined decision making model.

关 键 词：临场决策 教练员 篮球 

分 类 号：G808.191[文化科学—体育训练]