视觉分神对驾驶员跟驰行为的影响  

Influence of Visual Distraction on Driver’s Car-following Behavior

作　　者：郑志晓 李鹏辉[1] 胡孟夏[1] 李一兵[1] ZHENG Zhi-xiao;LI Peng-hui;HU Meng-xia;LI Yi-bing(State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy Saving,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2020年第1期122-130,共9页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：清华大学汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室自主课题项目(ZZ2016-032)

摘　　要：为了研究驾驶员视觉通道被车载信息系统所占用时,驾驶员对交通信息进行实时加工处理的机理及其应对事故风险的能力,模拟车载信息系统设计了诱导驾驶员视觉分神的驾驶次级任务。根据次级任务的复杂程度划分为3个任务难度等级,使得驾驶员单次视线离开路面的时间随着次级任务难度增加而递增;基于驾驶仿真试验平台,构建了城市道路和高速公路下的典型跟驰场景;招募熟练驾驶员,于驾驶过程中根据试验声音提示执行驾驶次级任务。对采集的试验数据先采用箱图方法进行离群处理,对筛选后的数据采用方差分析和多重比较的方法,分析驾驶员对车辆车道位置掌握、转向盘调整等相关横向操控行为,驾驶员对车辆纵向位置调整、车速调整等相关纵向操纵行为,以及通过其对车辆横纵向控制反映出的补偿措施。分析结果表明:无论车辆处于高速还是低速行驶环境,处于视觉分神状态的驾驶员对车辆的横向控制能力均会变差;驾驶员视线离开路面的时间越长,其对车辆的横向控制能力越差;车辆高速行驶时,驾驶员将面临更大的横向失控风险;而无论车辆处于高速还是低速行驶环境,驾驶员在意识到自身视线离开路面时间过长后,均会通过降低速度和增大跟车距离,以平衡视觉分神带来的纵向方向上的事故风险。In order to analyze the mechanism how would driver process the environment information in the real-time and how driver’s ability to handle with accident would change in the situation where driver’s visual channel is occupied by the in-vehicle information system,a secondary driving task that imitates the in-vehicle information system and will induce driver to visual distraction status is designed.The secondary task is subdivided into 3 levels according to the task’s complexity,and driver’s single eyes-off-road time will go up with the level of the secondary task.The classical city and expressway car-following scenarios are built on a driving simulator,and skilled drivers are recruited to carry out the secondary tasks while driving on the simulator according to the voice notification.The collected experimental data are pre-processed with the method of outliers kicking by box plot,and then methods of analysis of variance and post hoc tests are applied to analyze the drivers’relative lateral control behaviors such as vehicle lateral position and vehicle steering wheel adjustment,drivers’relative vehicle longitudinal control behaviors like vehicle longitudinal position and vehicle speed adjustment,as well as the compensatory measures reflected by the vehicle lateral and longitudinal control.The analysis result shows that(1)the visual distracted drivers’vehicle lateral control ability degenerates in whatever velocity;(2)drivers’lateral control ability to vehicle descends as the eyes-off-road time go up,(3)drivers face with a greater risk of being out of vehicle lateral control if they drive in a higher velocity;(4)no matter when drivers are in high speed or low speed driving situation,when they have realized that their eyes-off-road time are too long,they tend to lower the acceleration amplitude as well as increase the following distance,to make a compensation to the accident risk increased by visual distraction,in whatever velocity.

关 键 词：交通安全 视觉分神 方差分析 跟驰行为 补偿措施 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]