土壤压实及有机质对其影响的研究进展  

Soil Compaction and the Role of Soil Organic Matter in Soil Compressibility and Resilience:a Review

作　　者：肖质秋[1] 虞娜[1] 安晶[1] 张玉龙[1] XIAO Zhi-qiu;YU Na;AN Jing;ZHANG Yu-long(College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Northeast China),Ministry of Agriculture,National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院农业部东北耕地保育重点实验室土肥资源高效利用国家重点实验室

出　　处：《土壤通报》2019年第5期1253-1260,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目课题（2016YFD0300807）;国家重点基础研究发展规划（973计划）项目（2011CB100502）资助

摘　　要：压实导致土壤板结的发生、与土壤团聚体的形成和破坏直接相关,而土壤的孔隙状况和水、气、热等条件改变在影响作物生长的同时,也会带来水土流失、碳氮温室气体排放等环境问题。在当今农业现代化进程加快、机械化水平提高的背景下,压实所引发的土壤板结问题愈益引起人们关注。本文在对土壤压实过程及其压缩曲线、表征参数等进行介绍的基础上,对近年来土壤压实过程及其影响因素方面的研究进展进行梳理,从提高土壤肥力、防治土壤板结的角度重点阐述了有机质改良土壤压实性状的效果及其作用机制,并对这一研究领域今后的发展趋势做了展望;研究认为在减少农业机械作业对农田压实次数和压实强度的前提下,提高土壤有机质含量、实行合理耕作仍然是我国今后改良土壤机械物理性质、培肥土壤和防止土壤板结的主要途径。Soil compaction is directly related to the formation and destruction of soil aggregates,while soil porosity and the changes in soil physical,chemical and biological processes are not only affected by crop growth in filed, but also caused the environmental problems, such as soil degradation and greenhouse gas emissions. Nowadays, the soil compaction as one of the most serious problems is an ongoing issue of concern in agricultural degradation with the development of mechanization. The soil compaction process and its compression curve and characteristic parameters were discussed, and the factors, which affected soil compressibility and resilience, were reviewed on a perspective of soil fertility improvement and soil compaction prevention. The direct and indirect role of soil organic matter was highlighted, and the prospects of main researches in the future were put forward. Reducing the compacting frequency and strength of agricultural machinery operation, increasing soil organic matter content and rational tillage are the principal ways to prevent soil compaction.

关 键 词：土壤压实 土壤回弹 土壤有机质 预固结压力值 

分 类 号：S152.9[农业科学—土壤学]