论郑瑜“自况”式戏曲创作的艺术风格  

On Zheng Yu’s Self-metaphor Artistic Drama Style

作　　者：吴秀明[1] WU Xiu-ming(College of Literature,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing,China,210097)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学文学院

出　　处：《江南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2020年第1期69-74,共6页Journal of Jiangnan University：Humanities & Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“《全清戏曲》整理编纂与文献研究”(11&ZD107)

摘　　要：明末清初戏曲家郑瑜工词曲,所作杂剧现存四种:《鹦鹉洲》《汨罗江》《黄鹤楼》《滕王阁》,总称为《郢中四雪》。《郢中四雪》杂剧主人公皆为命运多舛、时运不济的封建文人,同时也是作者抒发心中块垒的代言人。在自我表现类型上,郑瑜杂剧通过借助真实历史人物抒怀、改编传统文人故事结局和重新定论人物史事这三种方式来塑造"自况"主体。郑瑜"自况"戏曲具有强烈的主体精神,作者常常以主人公的姿态直接叙述当下之事,抒发内心的感慨,借以表现对前朝的眷念以及厌倦现世、渴望归隐的心态。在艺术风格上,郑瑜杂剧属于清代短杂剧的范畴,体制上打破了元杂剧的规范,形式灵活多变,构思颇为精巧。总体表现为:削弱了戏剧的情节与矛盾,抒情功能增强;文词典雅,大量使用典故;体制形式受南戏、传奇影响较大。郑瑜杂剧抒情性强,案头化倾向明显,反映了转型时期杂剧创作的时代风貌,是曲体新变过程中的探索性发展,在中国古代戏曲史上具有一定的典型性。Zheng Yu,a dramatist in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty,specialized in poetry and drama.He wrote four dramas,namely Ying Wu Zhou,Mi LuoJiang,Huang He Lou and Teng Wang Ge,together known as Ying Zhong Si Xue.The protagonists of the four dramas were all tragic characters whose life was full of setbacks and frustrations,and they were also the spokespersons of the author to express his inner feelings.In the process of self-expression,Zheng Yu’s dramas created the object of"selfmetaphor"in three ways,namely,adopting real historical figures,changing the ending of traditional literati and reevaluating the historical events and figures.His"self-metaphor"drama embodied a strong subjective spirit.He often portrayed directly the current events with the protagonist’s posture to express his inner sigh and to show his memory clung to Ming in the dynastic change from Ming to Qing,as well as the mentality of being tired of the present life and longing for seclusion.In terms of artistic style,Zheng Yu’s dramas belong to the category of short drama in the Qing Dynasty,which broke the norms of Yuan Za Ju in structure.They were flexible in forms and exquisite in conception.The plots and contradiction of the dramas were weakened,and the lyric function of the dramas was enhanced.The words were elegant,with a lot of allusions,and the structure was greatly influenced by Nan Xi and Chuan Qi.Zheng Yu’s dramas are lyrical and has an obvious tendency to be desk-oriented,which reflects the Za Ju features in the period of transformation.It is in line with the exploratory development based on the new concept of drama’s form,and has certain typicality in the history of Chinese ancient dramas.

关 键 词：短杂剧 “自况” 抒情性 体制形式 

分 类 号：I207.37[文学—中国文学]