农作物有害生物防控:成就与展望  

Crop pest control in China: Advances and perspectives

作　　者：张礼生[1] 刘文德[1] 李方方 陆宴辉[1] 周雪平[1] ZHANG LiSheng;LIU WenDe;LI FangFang;Lu YanHui;ZHOU XuePing(State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2019年第12期1664-1678,共15页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

摘　　要：我国农作物有害生物具有种类多、危害重、发生规律复杂、防控难度大等特点,相关理论和技术创新、防控体系构建与应用是保障农业安全生产的迫切需求.新中国成立70年来,我国植物保护领域取得了一系列的科技成就,农作物有害生物防控从单一的人为干预起步,经历化学农药防治为主,再到绿色防控综合治理的发展阶段,其中较为突出的成就包括:掌握了农作物重大病虫流行灾变规律;揭示了重要农业有害生物的致害机理;研发了一批防控产品;建立了作物病虫害监测预警及防控技术体系.随着产业变革与科技进步,我国植保科技领域将迎来新的挑战和发展机遇.未来的植保理论和技术研究应围绕下列3方面展开:新型生产模式及气候变化下的有害生物发生规律,全球化趋势下的有害生物检测预警技术,绿色可持续的有害生物综合治理新模式.建立现代植保技术体系将保障我国的粮食安全、环境安全和农业可持续发展.There are many different kinds of crop pests widely distributed in China, which are very complex in occurrence and difficult in prevention and control. They may outbreak suddenly, causing serious damages to crops, and thereby have a significant impact on food security and safety. In the past 70 years, the development of basic research in plant protection in China has made great progress and profound changes, starting from simple agricultural intervention measures to current integrated, biologically-based and environmentfriendly protection measures to effectively prevent and control crop pests. These measures are mainly dependent on the progress of innovation in the following fields: better understanding of the epidemic and migration patterns of major crop pests and diseases,elucidation on mechanisms for causing damages to crop by pests, discovery of novel technology and products for control of crop diseases and pests, and establishment of surveillance, early warning and control systems for management of crop pests. With the improvement of the scientific and technological progress in plant protection, the innovation of the future plant protection research will focus on discovery of new epidemic pattern for crop pests;establishment of effective pest detection, monitoring and early warning system;development of green and effective pesticides, biological control products. Thus, sustainable management of crop pests and disease could be reached at local, regional and global levels. In conclusion, development of a full-scale national plant protection technical support system would meet the requirements of the food security and safety and natural environment and contribute to the global Sustainable Development Goals.

关 键 词：监测预警系统 植物抗性 化学防治 生物防治 可持续治理 

分 类 号：S4[农业科学—植物保护]