系统保护规划方法对我国构建海洋保护地选划布局体系的启示  

The Implication of Systematic Conservation Planning on China′s Marine Protected Area Planning System

作　　者：李韵洲 孙铭[1,2] 任一平 陈勇[2] LI Yunzhou;SUN Ming;REN Yiping;CHEN Yong(College of Fisheries,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;School of Marine Sciences,University of Maine,Orono 04469,USA;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学水产学院,青岛266003 [2]缅因大学海洋科学学院,奥朗诺04469 [3]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,青岛266237

出　　处：《海洋开发与管理》2020年第2期41-47,共7页Ocean Development and Management

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”专项项目（2018YFD0900904、2018YFD0900906）;国家留学基金项目（201806330042、201806330043)

摘　　要：海洋保护地是保护海洋生态系统和生物资源的重要措施,在我国海洋保护体系中具有重要作用。近年来,我国积极深化海洋保护体系的改革和完善,海洋保护工作进入全面深化改革的新阶段,对我国海洋保护地的科学选划和合理布局提出迫切需求。文章系统分析当前我国海洋保护地在选划布局过程中面临的一系列挑战,主要包括缺乏顶层设计和系统规划、对海洋生态系统连通性考虑不足、选划依据滞后于海洋保护理论的研究和发展以及缺乏可靠的技术手段和明确的量化指标以权衡保护与开发的关系;在建设分类科学、布局合理、保护有力和管理有效的,以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系的新形势下,介绍国际海洋保护地选划布局的主流方法即系统保护规划,并对其技术路线进行解读;对采用该方法促进我国海洋保护地的科学选划与管理提出6项建议,即明确保护目标和保护对象、筛选保护空缺和优先保护区域、平衡保护与开发的关系、加强海洋保护地的完整性和连通性、加强海洋保护地选划的多方参与和论证以及开展适应性管理。Marine protected areas(MPAs)are essential tools to protect marine ecosystems and resources and are playing an important role in China′s marine conservation actions.Recently,China has proposed a national-level marine conservation revolution,which has posed urgent demands on moving the existing MPA planning system toward a more systematic and science-based one.This study systematically analyzed the challenges in China′s MPA planning,including the lack of national-level systematic planning,insufficient consideration of connectivity in the planning,out-ofdate planning guidelines,and the lack of evaluating methods and metrics to support the trade-off analysis between conservation and exploitation.As China promotes a well-organized,systematicallyplanned,adequately-enforced,and effectively-managed protected areas system with national parks as the main backbone,the theory and methods of systematic conservation planning were elaborated,which had been widely used in international MPA practices.Furthermore,6 recommendations for its application in China were provided to address the challenges in MPA planning and management,including 1)clarifying conservation objectives and features,2)identifying conservation gaps and priorities,3)striking a balance between conservation and exploitation,4)improving the adequacy and connectivity of MPAs,5)encouraging stakeholder engagement throughout the MPA planning process,and 6)implementing adaptive management.

关 键 词：海洋保护地 系统保护规划 海洋生态系统 物种分布 保护成本 

分 类 号：P76[天文地球—海洋科学] X36[环境科学与工程—环境工程]