幼儿不同跑步着地方式的生物力学特征  

Biomechanical characteristics of children’s different strike patterns during running

作　　者：赵盼超 文蕊香 李嘉慧 纪仲秋[1] 姜桂萍[1] Zhao Panchao;Wen Ruixiang;Li Jiahui;Ji Zhongqiu;Jiang Guiping(College of Physical Education and Sport,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学体育与运动学院

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2020年第20期3209-3216,共8页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学一般课题(BLA150063)，项目负责人：姜桂萍~~

摘　　要：背景:成年人跑步着地方式一直是国内外学者研究的重点,而幼儿跑步的着地方式也是不容忽视的内容。目的:运用生物力学方法探究幼儿在跑步过程中,不同着地方式下的运动学和动力学指标的差异,为幼儿正确的跑步着地方式提供科学依据。方法:在北京市海淀区某公立幼儿园中随机抽取幼儿74名,按年龄分为3岁组、4岁组、5岁组,采用BTS红外动作捕捉系统、Kistler三维测力台和VIXTA录像解析系统同步采集幼儿跑步过程中不同着地方式下的运动学、动力学数据;运用Anybody 5.2仿真建模软件计算下肢肌肉力量指标。试验前向受试者父母详细解释并签署知情同意书,试验方案符合北京师范大学的相关伦理要求。结果与结论:①3岁组全足着地的比例最高,足跟着地的比例最低,5岁组全足着地的比例最低,足跟着地的比例最高;前足着地者的蹬伸时间大于足跟着地(P<0.01)和全足着地(P<0.05);②着地时刻,踝屈曲角度足跟着地者大于前足着地(P<0.01)和全足着地者(P<0.05),全足着地者大于前足着地(P<0.05);前足着地者髋内收-外展角度、最大髋内收-外展角、髋内-收外展的关节变化量及最大膝内收-外展角速度大于足跟着地(P<0.01)和全足着地者(P<0.05);前足着地者的踝屈伸最小值大于足跟着地者(P<0.05),而最大髋内收-外展角速度小于足跟着地者(P<0.05);③足跟着地和全足着地者的腓骨短肌、腓骨长肌、第三腓骨肌的肌力大于前足着地者(P<0.05),前足着地者的股中间肌、股外侧肌下束、股外侧肌上束、股内侧肌下束、股内侧肌上束、股内侧肌中束肌力均大于足跟着地(P<0.01)和全足着地者(P<0.05);④结果提示:在3-6岁阶段,幼儿多采用足跟或全足着地模式进行奔跑,以满足自己在跑步过程的稳定性,随着年龄的增长,逐渐出现前足着地方式的跑步模式;前足着地能够动用更多髋关节和膝关节额状BACKGROUND:Foot strike patterns in adults during running have always been the focus of worldwide research,and the strike patterns of children are also something that cannot be ignored.OBJECTIVE:Using biomechanical methods to explore the differences in kinematics and kinetics of children in different strike patterns during the running process,and to provide a scientific basis for children’s correct way of running.METHODS:Seventy-four children were randomly selected from a public kindergarten in Haidian District,Beijing,and were divided into 3-year-old group,4-year-old group and 5-year-old group.The kinematics and kinetics data of enrolled children in different strike patterns during running were acquired simultaneously using the BTS infrared motion capture system,the Kistler three-dimensional force table and the VIXTA video analysis system.The muscle strength index of the lower limbs was calculated using the Anybody 5.2 simulation modeling software.Before participation in the trial,children’s parents were fully informed of study protocol and signed the informed consent form.The trial protocol met the relevant ethical requirements of Beijing Normal University.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In the 3-year-old group,the proportion of mid foot strike(MFS)was the highest,and the proportion of fore foot strike(FFS)was the lowest.In the 5-year-old group,the proportion of MFS was the lowest,and the proportion of FFS was the highest.The rear foot strike(RFS)extension time was longer than that of FFS(P<0.01)and MFS(P<0.05).(2)At the moment of landing,the flexion angle of FFS was greater than that of RFS(P<0.01)and MFS(P<0.05),and the flexion angle of MFS was greater than that of RFS(P<0.05).The hip adduction-abduction angle of RFS was greater than that of FFS(P<0.01)and MFS(P<0.05).The maximum hip abduction angle of RFS was greater than that of FFS(P<0.01)and MFS(P<0.01).The amount of joint changes in the RFS hip adduction and abduction was greater than that of FFS(P<0.01)and MFS(P<0.05).The minimum flexion and extension of R

关 键 词：幼儿 跑 着地方式 下肢 肌肉力量 生物力学特征 

分 类 号：R455[医药卫生—运动医学] R318[医药卫生—治疗学]