海关制度对交易效率的影响研究:基于世界海关组织数据的分析  

Research on the Impact of Customs System on Transaction Efficiency: Based on WCO Data Analysis

作　　者：刘洋 殷宝庆[2] Liu Yang;Yin Baoqing

机构地区：[1]上海健康医学院医疗器械学院 [2]浙江经济职业技术学院

出　　处：《世界经济研究》2020年第1期41-53,M0002,M0003,共15页World Economy Studies

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划重点项目“国际绿色技术外溢与‘一带一路’全球价值链攀升研究”(项目编号:19NDJC027Z);浙江省自然科学基金项目“国际绿色技术外溢与‘中国制造’升级研究”(项目编号:LY17G030009);教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目“节能减排效率与‘中国制造’升级的协调机制研究”(项目编号:18YJA910002)

摘　　要：世界海关组织积极实施《京都公约》(修订)(RKC)和《全球贸易安全与便利标准框架》(SAFE)以及"单一窗口(SW)"与"经授权经营者(AEO)制度"改革,提高海关效率,促进贸易便利化。文章采用WCO年度报告164个成员样本数据,研究发现:(1)从进口视角看,实施RKC降低了进口贸易成本54.7%~57.3%,进口贸易时间减少了69.9%~73.5%;在批准RKC生效的国家中,自RKC批准生效起,每增加1年进口贸易成本减少8%~8.8%,进口贸易时间减少9.47%~9.56%;实施SAFE标准框架降低进口交易成本86%,实施AEO减少进口贸易时间50.1%~52.4%。(2)从出口视角看,实施RKC降低出口贸易时间40%,自RKC批准生效起,每增加1年出口贸易时间减少3.9%~4.2%;实施AEO制度降低出口成本59.3%~60.6%,减少出口贸易时间44%~47.7%。(3)从人均收入与地区分组回归看,实施RKC对交易效率的影响具有稳健性,而SAFE标准框架、SW与AEO制度对交易效率的影响不稳健。The World Customs Organization actively implements the Revised Kyoto Convention to Standardize Customs(RKC),SAFE Framework of Standards(SAFE),the"Single Window(SW)"and the"Authorized Operators(AEO)System"to improve customs efficiency and promote trade facilitation.Using 164-member sample data from the WCO Annual Report,the study found that:(1)From the perspective of import,the implementation of the Revised Kyoto Convention(RKC)reduced the trade cost of import by 54.7%~57.3%and reduced the trade time of import by 69.9%~73.5%;in the countries that have approved RKC,for every additional year since the RKC came into effect,the trade cost of import decreased by 8%~8.8%,the trade time of import decreased by 9.47%~9.56%,and the implementation of the SAFE standard framework reduced the trade cost of import by86%.The implementation of AEO can reduce the trade time of import by 50.1%~52.4%;(2)From the perspective of export,the implementation of the Revised Kyoto Convention will reduce the trade time of export by 40%.For every additional year since the RKC came into effect,the trade time of export decreased by 3.9%~4.2%;the implementation of the AEO system reduced the trade cost of export by 59.3%~60.6%,and the trade time of export by 44%~47.7%;(3)the results from per capita income and regional grouping,it can be seen that the implementation of the Revised Kyoto Convention has a strong impact on transaction efficiency,while the SAFE standard framework,single window and AEO system have an unaffected impact on transaction efficiency.

关 键 词：海关制度 交易效率 WCO 单一窗口 AEO 

分 类 号：F745[经济管理—国际贸易]