季节性河道土壤水分及其渗漏特征初探  

Soil Moisture Content and Soil Water Infiltration in Seasonal Watercourse in Arid Area

作　　者：陈新均 王学全[1] 卢琦[1,2] 杨文斌 张立恒[1,4] 李永华 CHEN Xin-jun;WANG Xue-quan;LU Qi;YANG Wen-bin;ZHANG Li-heng;LI Yong-hua(Institute of Desertification Studies,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Kumtag Desert Ecosystem Research Station,State Forestry Administration,Dunhuang 736200,Gansu,China;Dunhuang Ecosystem Research Station,Dunhuang 736200,Gansu,China;Gansu Institute of Desert Control Research,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所,北京100091 [2]库姆塔格荒漠生态系统定位研究站,甘肃敦煌736200 [3]敦煌荒漠生态系统定位研究站,甘肃敦煌736200 [4]甘肃省治沙研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2020年第1期97-104,共8页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金中国林业科学研究院资助项目“极干旱区洪水驱动下植被稳定性与水分优化利用机理”(CAFYBB2016MA012);国家自然科学基金项目“极干旱区洪水驱动的植物分布格局与生存策略”(4167012152)资助

摘　　要：利用土壤深层水分渗漏仪和水分自动监测系统获取相应的监测数据,分析干旱区季节性河流(库姆塔格沙漠东南部崔木土沟)沟道内部的洪水入渗过程及不同深度土壤水分变化规律。结果表明:①河道内以砂粒为主,土壤最大持水量在26. 08%~31. 75%。②监测期内,每次洪水过程,水分均能入渗到200 cm以下的土层,但50 cm以下土层的水分入渗基本为非饱和入渗;每次入渗过程,湿润锋到达土层的深度与入渗时间具有良好的线性相关关系,但这一相关关系在春、夏季具有明显的分异,春季水分入渗更为缓慢。③监测期内,160 cm土层共出现4次明显的连续渗漏过程,渗漏总量为2 165. 8 mm,最大渗漏强度为21. 4 mm·(2h)^-1,160 cm土壤水分渗漏速率随土壤水分含量增加呈指数增加趋势,但每次开始出现连续渗漏的土壤初始含水率并不一致。该研究可为进一步揭示干旱区河流廊道生态系统生存、变化提供了科学支撑。In this study,the flood infiltration process and the variation of soil moisture content at different depths in seasonal watercourse in the southeast Kumtag Desert,an arid region,were monitored and analyzed by using the deep soil infiltration water recorder and the water automatic monitoring system,and the soil physical properties at the monitoring sites were determined. The results showed that: ① Sand was dominant in soil,and the maximum waterholding capacity of the soil varied from 26. 08% to 31. 75%;② During the monitoring period,water could infiltrate into the 200-cm-deep soil layer during flood process,but the water infiltration in the 50-cm-deep soil layer was basically unsaturated. There was a good linear correlation between the depth of wetting front in soil layer and the infiltration time,but the seasonal difference of this correlation was obvious,especially the water infiltration was slower in spring;③ There were 4 obviously continuous infiltration processes in the 160-cm-deep soil layer during the monitoring period. The total infiltration volume was 2 165. 8 mm,and the maximum infiltration rate was 21.4 mm·(2 h)^-1. The soil moisture infiltration rate in 160-cm-deep soil layer was in an exponential increase trend with the increase of soil moisture content,but the initial soil moisture content of each successive infiltration was different.

关 键 词：季节性洪沟 水分渗漏 土壤水分 崔木土沟 库姆塔格沙漠 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]