土壤紧实度对裸土侵蚀强度影响的实验与分析  

Experimental analysis of soil compactness on erosion intensity of bare soil

作　　者：刘文虎 魏振康 肖理 殷庆元 王章文[1] 黄成敏[1] LIU Wenhu;WEI Zhenkang;XIAO Li;YIN Qingyuan;WANG Zhangwen;HUANG Chengmin(Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,Sichuan University,610065,Chengdu,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学环境科学与工程系

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2019年第6期52-60,共9页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题“西南高山亚高山区工程创面退化生态系统恢复重建技术”(2017YFC0504902-3);国家科技支撑计划课题“金沙江下游库区小流域生态保育技术适应性评估及关键技术遴选”(2012BAC06B02-02)

摘　　要：水土流失是世界性生态环境问题之一,合理地估算土壤侵蚀模数是有效治理水土流失的关键。现有的各种土壤侵蚀模型评估以及土壤侵蚀模数估算方法受人力、经济成本、技术等因素限制难以广泛运用。因此,作者利用设在云南、四川等地微型径流小区,结合模拟降雨实验研究土壤侵蚀模数(M)与土壤紧实度(C)间的关系,探讨以C来估算M的可能性。结果表明:土壤紧实度和土壤侵蚀模数的大小与土壤含水率、水稳性团聚体含量、黏粒含量、有机质含量等密切相关。土壤侵蚀模数随土壤土壤紧实度的增加而减小,土壤紧实度相对高的耕地,土壤侵蚀模数小,土壤侵蚀模数与土壤紧实度呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01),拟合方程为:M=42.423e0.009S(S=C,P<0.01,R2=0.663)。因此,对于无作物生长的农田土壤(土壤紧实度SC<450 k Pa),利用土壤紧实度可以迅速、低成本地反映土壤侵蚀模数大小,评估土壤侵蚀发生的潜在强度。[Background]Soil erosion is a critical environmental issue in the world’s terrestrial ecosystems.Erosion accelerates land degradation and desertification processes.Due to the rapid runoff of water,soil fertility and crop yields decrease,and the quality of water is affected by the agricultural chemicals deposited in waterways.Conclusively,soil erosion causes multiple and severe damages to natural ecosystems.Indeed,achieving a safe living environment in the future depends on protecting the soil and water resources.Reasonable estimation of soil erosion modulus is the key to controlling soil erosion.However,an extensively applicable method for soil erosion modulus estimation is limited by the time consumption,technology and cost,etc.[Methods]In order to eliminate as much as possible the impact of other factors such as vegetation cover on soil erosion,here,the authors searched for slopes with similar gradients and almost no vegetation coverage in the mountainous areas of Yunnan and Sichuan provinces,southwest China,and arranged a micro-runoff plot of 1 m×2 m.The simulated rainfall experiment was carried out with the same rainfall intensity to explore the relationship between soil erosion modulus(M)and soil compactness(C),and the influence of SC on soil erosion process,and to probe the possibility of application of C on estimating M.[Results]C and M were closely related to soil water content,water stable aggregate content,clay content and organic matter content.In the case of large C,the soil particles were closely arranged,the cohesive force between the soil particles was large,and the soil was resistant to disintegration and deposition.On the contrary,the pores between the soils with lower C were larger,and the soil particles were easily dispersed by raindrops and washed away by runoff.In general,M decreased with the increase of C.The soil with relatively high C,M was small,and M was a very significant negative correlation at 0.01 level with C.The relationship between M and C was quantified as:M=42.423 e0.009 S(S=

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 土壤性质 土壤紧实度 土壤侵蚀模数 裸土 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]