实验室与田间条件下骨炭粉与海藻肥对镉污染土壤修复效果评价  

Assessing the efficiencies of remediation of Cd contaminated soil by bone charcoal and seaweed fertilizer in pot and field experiments

作　　者：王萌[1] 陈世宝[1] 李杉杉 李晓越[1,2] 郑涵 孟楠[1] WANG Meng;CHEN Shibao;LI Shanshan;LI Xiaoyue;ZHENG Han;MENG Nan(Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081 China;School of Land Science and Technology,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]中国地质大学(北京)土地科学技术学院,北京100083

出　　处：《地学前缘》2019年第6期82-88,共7页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21706278);中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所应急性项目(1610132018106)

摘　　要：本研究基于小麦、玉米、高粱籽粒及烟草烟叶镉(Cd)消减率、修复边际效率及土壤中Cd有效态含量的变化等对比了实验室与田间条件下骨炭粉与海藻肥对Cd污染农田土壤的修复效果。研究结果表明:骨炭粉与海藻肥使玉米、小麦、高粱和烟草对Cd的吸收、转运均有显著(P<0.05)降低作用;在田间条件下,骨炭粉与海藻肥对不同作物籽粒或烟叶的Cd消减率为16.2%~39.8%,可增加作物产量12.3%~38.6%。钝化剂对不同作物增产效果有一定差异,对小麦籽粒增产作用最为有效。研究发现添加钝化剂改变了Cd在土壤团聚体中的分布,使得Cd在大粒径团聚体中负载量增加,并且与对照相比,显著提高土壤pH(提高0.43~0.77),降低土壤Cd的有效性,有利于控制Cd在土壤-植物系统中的迁移。总体而言,不同钝化剂的Cd污染土壤修复边际效率为3.99%~14.74%,同海藻肥相比,骨炭粉的修复边际效率较高。不同钝化剂在盆栽实验的修复效果优于田间实验的效果,可能是因为相比于田间实验,盆栽实验条件下根系的作用范围有限,钝化剂的作用效果较高。In this study,we evaluated the efficiencies of remediation of Cd contaminated soil by bone charcoal(BC)and seaweed fertilizer(SF)simultaneously in pot and field experiments by determining the Cd reduction rates(%)for wheat,maize,sorghum grain and tobacco leaves,the DTPA-extracted fraction of Cd in soil and remediation marginal efficiency(ME).The results indicated that Cd uptake by and translocation in different crops were significantly reduced(P<0.05)by the application of soil amendments.In field experiment,compared with control(CK),the Cd reduction rates for crop grain or tobacco leaves were16.2%-39.8%.Amendment application led to increase of crop productivity by 12.3%-38.6%.The amount of increase depended on crop species;in this study wheat yield had the largest increase after BC application.Adding biofertilizer promoted the formation of large aggregates with higher Cd load by mass,and increased soil pH by 0.43-0.77 units compared with control.We believe the re-distribution of Cd in soil aggregates and increased soil pH due to amendments were responsible for immobilizing soil Cd and alleviating its phytotoxicity.The remediation marginal efficiency for the test soil ranged from 3.99%to 14.74%,with the highest ME observed for BC followed by SF treatments.In pot experiment,different amendments had bigger remediation effects than in field validation experiment,which might be due to larger root system in field soil limiting the remediation efficiency of amendments.

关 键 词：CD 骨炭粉 海藻肥 Cd削减率 修复边际效率 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X592