对农用地土壤环境质量类别划分的思考：以贵州马铃薯产区Cd风险管控为例  

Some thoughts on the classification of soil environmental quality for agricultural land:taking risk control of Cd in potato producing area of Guizhou as an example

作　　者：宋静[1,2] 许根焰 骆永明 高慧[3] 唐伟 SONG Jing;XU Genyan;LUO Yongming;GAO Hui;TANG Wei(Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Department of Soil Quality,University of Wageningen,Wageningen6700 AA,the Netherlands;Bureau of Ecological Environment of Yongzhou,Yongzhou425000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]荷兰瓦赫宁根大学土壤质量系,瓦赫宁根6700AA [4]永州市生态环境局,湖南永州425000

出　　处：《地学前缘》2019年第6期192-198,共7页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：中国科学院科技服务网络计划项目“支持我国土壤污染防治的关注污染物环境基准研究”(KFJ-STS-ZDTP-005);环保公益项目“土壤重金属铅和镉生物有效性评价方法研究”(201409042)

摘　　要：通过收集整理野外采样、室内盆栽和文献数据,验证我国现行《农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》(GB15618-2008)以及《种植根茎类蔬菜的旱地土壤镉、铅、铬、汞、砷安全阈值》(GB/T 36783-2018)在贵州马铃薯产地土壤Cd环境质量类别划分中的适宜性。研究表明,矿区种植的马铃薯Cd含量超标风险较大,上述两个土壤Cd标准对于贵州马铃薯产地土壤而言均偏严。在分析我国现行土壤-作物协同监测采样方法不足的基础上,提出借鉴基于现代采样理论的决策单元-多点增量采样(DUMIS)方法开展土壤-作物协同监测和修复效果评估。建议因地制宜制定基于有效态的土壤安全利用标准,建议深入开展基于DUMIS的土壤-作物协同监测采样方法以及中低污染土壤安全利用有效态标准制定的研究,服务于我国特色农产品产地土壤环境质量类别划分和安全利用。By compilation of data from field sampling,pot experiment and literature,we evaluated the suitability of the existing national standards(GB 15618-2018 and GB/T 36783-2018)for the classification of soil environmental quality in potato producing areas of Guizhou.The results showed that both soil Cd standards were overly stringent as,for example,these for potatoes grown in mining areas were more likely to exceed food standard.Here,we summarized the inadequacy of the existing sampling methods for soil-crop synchronized monitoring and proposed a sampling theory-based Decision Unit-Multi Increment Sampling method(DUMIS)for soil-crop synchronized monitoring and remediation verification.We proposed that the criteria for safe soil utilization should be derived on a site-specific basis using bioavailable fractions.In order to facilitate the evaluation of soil environmental quality and safety for the agricultural production regions of China,we suggested that further research is needed regarding the use of DUMIS in soil-crop synchronized monitoring and bioavailable fractions based criteria for safe utilization of mild to moderately contaminated soils.

关 键 词：土壤环境质量标准适宜性评价 土壤-作物协同监测 决策单元-多点增量方法 有效态重金属 土壤安全利用标准 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]