中国空间辐射生物研究面临的挑战和机遇  

Challenges and opportunities for the space radiobiology research in China

作　　者：胡文涛 周光明 Wentao Hu;Guangming Zhou(Academy of Space Life Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,Soochow University,Suzhou 215123,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学医学部放射医学与防护学院放射医学与辐射防护国家重点实验室江苏省高校放射医学协同创新中心

出　　处：《科学通报》2019年第36期3824-3829,共6页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(11335011)资助

摘　　要：中国神州系列飞船的成功发射和天宫系列建设任务的顺利实施,再次引发航天潮.美国提出了重返月球、登陆火星等计划(NASA Strategic Plan 2014,www.NASA.gov),俄罗斯、日本和印度等国也不甘落后,欧洲甚至提出移民火星.但是,外太空是个混合辐照场,空间辐射的能量高、富含高能带电(high atomic number and high energy,HZE)粒子,对航天员的健康威胁在任何情况下都必然存在,是任何空间探索任务都不可回避的问题.对于登陆火星和月球殖民等长周期深空探索任务而言,航天员面临的最大挑战是空间辐射诱导的肿瘤发生、心血管疾病等健康问题.如果遭遇太阳粒子事件等空间灾害事件,还将面临急性放射损伤甚至生命威胁,这些健康威胁属于show-stopper(搅局者)[1],现有空间辐射相关健康风险评估标准显然是不够的.降低空间辐射危害评估的不确定性,建立医学健康标准和安全评价体系,研发有效的防护措施,才能保障航天员的作业能力和健康安全.Advancing the interdisciplinary research of space radiobiology, as well as establishing a space radiation risk assessment system to provide astronauts with health risk prediction, early warning, and protection strategies are several approaches that meet the needs of long-term manned space exploration in China. At the 561st Xiangshan Science Conference, scientists engaged in relevant planning and research in the field of space life sciences in China, together with colleagues from the United States and Germany, discussed research opportunities, key research directions, planning and layout in the interdisciplinary space radiobiology research in China. The participants further proposed that a Ten-Year Plan for China’s Space Radiobiology and Interdisciplinary Research be formulated, as well as providing sustained and stable financial support and establishing scientific systems of management and operation. To maximize the utilization efficiency of research resources, the participants advocated the establishment of the China Alliance for Space Radiobiology and Interdisciplinary Research with the purpose of integrating resources, strengthening team building, discipline construction and international cooperation, developing popular science education, and training reserve talents. Other proposals include integration of astronauts, aircraft design and basic issues of space radiobiology, strengthening ground-based platform construction, simulation research with an emphasis in both experimental study and theory development, and finally, construction of the data sharing platform. This paper highlights advances in the space radiation field and proposes several major scientific issues faced by long-term manned space exploration. Space radiation-induced carcinogenesis, cardiovascular disease, central nervous system injury, reproductive system and immune-system damage are considered to be the most serious health challenges confronted by astronauts. Besides the traditional space radiation protection strategy, the meeting par

关 键 词：空间辐射 急性放射损伤 空间探索 安全评价体系 作业能力 外太空 危害评估 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：V527[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程] Q691[生物学—生物物理学]