健康信念模式对医务人员锐器伤防护行为依从性的影响  

Study on the influence of health belief model on the compliance of medical staff with sharp injury protection behavior

作　　者：王汇平[1] 李昌秀[1] 戴清香 江智霞[1] 袁晓丽[1] 周家梅[1] Wang Huiping;Li Changxiu;Dai Qingxiang;Jiang Zhixia;Yuan Xiaoli;Zhou Jiamei(Nursing Department of Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College,Zunyi 563003,China)

机构地区：[1]遵义医学院附属医院护理部,563003

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2019年第12期910-913,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的探讨以健康信念模式(HBM)干预对提高医务人员锐器伤防护行为依从性的影响,为开展本地区医务人员血源性职业暴露防护干预策略提供参考依据。方法于2015年1~6月,采取分层整群随机抽样方法抽取贵州黔北地区2家二级医院、2家三级医院,选择临床一线工作的医务人员作为调查对象,共178名医务人员。对调查对象实施HBM为理论指导的干预。方法包括多元化培训、体验式操作、现场观察督导等,并在干预后1个月实施干预强化,干预后3个月进行效果评价,采用问卷调查和现场观察评价干预前后的效果。计量资料用±s表示,不同因素比较用单因素方差分析和χ2检验。结果通过实施HBM干预,与干预前比较,医务人员干预后1个月、3个月锐器伤防护行为依从性的总得分增加,不安全行为发生率降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论以HBM理论为导向的干预能增强医务人员锐器伤防护信念,提高安全防护行为依从性,降低锐器伤发生率。Objective To explore the effects of the intervention based on the theoretical framework of Health Belief Model on improving sharp injury protection behavior compliance of medical staffs,in order to provide some references for energetically developing blood-borne occupational exposure protection intervention in the region.Methods According to the inclusion criteria,178 medical staffs were selected,implemented intervention of the theory of health belief model.Methods included diversity training,experiencing operation,filed observation and supervision and so on,strengthened intervention after 1 month,evaluated the intervention effect after 3 months,used questionnaires and field observation to evaluate the effect before and after the intervention.Results the scores of security behavior compliance were higher before intervention and there was significant difference(P<0.05).Observed that,after the intervention the incidence of unsafe behavior in medical personnel dropped from 29.1%to 13.2%,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The intervenion of the theory of health belief model can strengthen sharp injury protection belief of medical personnels,improve behavior compliance,reduces the occurrence of sharp injury.

关 键 词：健康信念模式 干预 行为 依从性 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]