耕地规模经营、农户非农兼业和家庭农业劳动生产率——来自湖南省的抽样调查证据  

Scale Management of Farmland,Farmers’ Non-agricultural Parttime Work and Household Agricultural Labor Productivity——Evidence from Hunan province in China

作　　者：江鑫 黄乾 JIANG Xin;HUANG Qian

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院中国特色社会主义经济建设协同创新中心

出　　处：《农业技术经济》2019年第12期4-20,共17页Journal of Agrotechnical Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:71473134);国家社科基金一般项目(编号:18BRK032)

摘　　要：在当前中国农村土地流转背景下,以家庭为经营单位的规模种植农户非农兼业的行为普遍存在,那么其非农兼业是否降低了家庭农业劳动生产率?本文基于湖南省7个县市共418户微观抽样调查数据,实证分析了农户外出兼业对家庭农业劳动生产率的影响,并采用工具变量法处理非农兼业的内生性问题。研究发现:农户兼业仍然有利于正向提升家庭农业劳动生产率,而外出农户兼业收入越高,或兼业地区离其农村家庭越近,越有利于提高家庭农业劳动生产率;分析影响机制时发现,农户选择外出兼业,可通过加入互助合作组织、提升农业机械化程度、流转耕地地块集中化生产和农场化经营来影响家庭农业劳动生产率;在对农户家庭耕地总面积的异质性分析中发现,农户耕地流转面积应保持在一定面积范围内,否则过犹不及,而家庭最优耕地总面积处于100~200亩之间;此外,年轻农户选择外出兼业,或者文化程度越高的农户选择外出兼业,其家庭农业劳动生产率的提升幅度也越大;家庭从事农业生产的人口较少时,如果有农户选择外出兼业,将不利于提升家庭农业劳动生产率,但三人及以上则有正向促进作用。Since the deepening reform of rural farmland transfer system in 2014,moderate scale management of agricultural production has become a trend in China.Under such background does off-farm employment reduce household agricultural labor productivity?Using the micro-sampling survey data of 418 households in 7 counties and cities in Hunan province,this paper empirically analyzes the impact of part-time off-farm employment on household agricultural labor productivity and employs an instrumental variable method to deal with potential endogenous problems.The results show that part-time off-farm employment for large scale farmers has a significant positive effect on the agricultural labor productivity of rural household,and the higher the part-time job income of farmers,or the closer the destination of off-farm job to their households,the larger improving effect the agricultural labor productivity;In terms of the mechanism,we find that the agricultural labor productivity would be affected by four mechanisms when large scale farmers choose to go out for a part-time job,namely,"joining mutual assistance and cooperation agricultural organizations","promoting agricultural mechanization","centralization of transferred farmland parcels"and"agricultural production through family farmland";In terms of the heterogeneity of the rural household aggregate farmland area,we find that the total area of transferred farmland of rural household should be kept within a certain range,or beyond the limit,and the optimal total area of farmland for rural household is roughly 13.33 hectare;Furthermore,young farmer households often choose to go out to work temporarily,which will have a greater positive impact on the agricultural labor productivity of rural households,and the higher education degree of farmers who choose to have part-time jobs,the larger range of the increasing about the agricultural labor productivity;When population of rural household engaged in agricultural production is small,if some farmers of certain rural household choose to

关 键 词：农户兼业 农业生产 家庭农业劳动生产率 

分 类 号：F327[经济管理—产业经济]