2013-2018年南昌市农村饮水安全工程水质监测结果分析  

Analysis of 2013-2018 on the rural drinking water safety projects monitoring results in Nanchang of Jiangxi Province

作　　者：章英[1] 孔令岩[1] 谢许情[1] ZHANG Ying;KONG Ling-yan;XIE Xu-qing(Collaboration Unit for Field Epidemiology of State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control,Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanchang 330038,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌市疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制国家重点实验室研究基地

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2020年第4期731-734,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的掌握南昌市近年农村安全工程水质卫生状况及其影响因素,为卫生部门和水利部门制定相关措施提供科学依据。方法按照分层整群随机原则,每年抽取一定数量的农村饮水安全工程水厂作为监测点,从2013-2018年,每年的枯水期(2-5月)和丰水期(6-11月)进行水样采集、检测和结果统计分析。结果2013-2018年共检测3760份,总合格率为53.97%,呈上升趋势(χ2=61.00,P<0.05)。水质主要不合格指标为微生物指标(总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、菌落总数),部分水样pH偏酸性;不同水源水质合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2=593.75,P<0.01)且以地表水为水源的水质合格率高于以地下水为水源的水质合格率(χ2=555.25,P<0.01);不同水处理方式常规处理、仅沉淀过滤或仅消毒处理的水质合格率分别为82.21%、30.30%和53.33%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=725.98,P<0.01)。结论近年南昌市农村饮水安全工程水质合格率呈上升趋势,但合格率仍较低;完善水处理方式、强化消毒设备管理、提高水质的消毒率是提升水质合格率的有效手段。Objective To monitor the water quality and the sanitation status of the Rural Drinking Water Safety Projects in Nanchang Jiangxi province,and to provide scientific basis to the health and water conservation department to formulate relevant measures to improve the quality of drinking water.Methods A number of the Rural Drinking Water Safety Projects were taken up between 2013-2018 by a stratified cluster random sampling method,the water samples were collected and examined respectively in the dry seasons(February-May)and the wet seasons(June-November)each year and the data were analyzed statistically.Results 3760 samples were collected and examined between 2013-2018.With the rising trend(%2=61.00,P<0.05),the average water qualified rate of the Rural Drinking Water Safety Project was 53.97%,and it was still lower.The main unqualiGed indicators of samples were microbial indicators(total coliforms,heat-resistant colifbrms,total number of colonies).Some samples were acidic.The qualified rate of different water sources was statistically significant(%2=593.75,PvO.Ol),and the qualified rate of surface water was higher than that of ground water(%2=555.25,P<0.01).The qualified rates of samples treated by conventional treatment,precipitation&filtration and disinfection were 82.21%,30.30%and 53.33%,respectively,with statistically significant differences(%2=725.98,P<0.01).Conclusion In recent years,the samples qualified rate of the Rural Drinking Water Safety Projects in Nanchang Jiangxi province was rising,but it was still lower.The effective means to achieve the acceptable quality levels of the Rural Drinking Water are strengthening the management of disinfection equipment and improving the water treatment methods and the disinfection rate of the Rural Drinking Water.

关 键 词：农村饮水 安全工程 监测 

分 类 号：R123.5[医药卫生—环境卫生学]