2019年觉醒睡眠研究:突破与展望  

Breakthroughs and perspective of wakefulness and sleep researches in 2019

作　　者：胡志安[1] 罗芬兰[1] HU Zhi'an;LUO Fenian(Department of Physiology,College of Basic Medical Sciences,Institute of Brain and Intelligence,Army Medical University(Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,400038,China)

机构地区：[1]陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)基础医学院生理学教研室,脑与智能研究院

出　　处：《第三军医大学学报》2020年第4期319-325,共7页Journal of Third Military Medical University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(31921003)~~

摘　　要：觉醒是感觉、运动、学习记忆、思维等显性脑功能的前提条件,而睡眠使机体对环境知觉和反应减弱,有助于机体进行稳态恢复与信息处理。2019年有关觉醒睡眠的研究在以下几个方面取得了重要突破:①睡眠的遗传和种系特征,如揭示“自然短睡眠”遗传控制机制,发现斑马鱼中存在快速眼动(rapid eye movement,REM)睡眠;②觉醒睡眠的发生机制,如多个新的控制觉醒睡眠的脑区被鉴定,生物节律和稳态信号对这些觉醒睡眠控制系统的调控机制被进一步揭示;③睡眠的功能,如睡眠如何实现稳态恢复和记忆信息的处理等。我们认为,未来在觉醒睡眠方面的研究需要从以下几个方面取得突破:一是脑内神经元如何感知与整合内外环境信号,实现对睡眠昼夜节律性和稳态的调控;二是依据新的细胞分型,进一步鉴定不同细胞亚型对睡眠觉醒差异性的调控作用,并解析其精细环路机制;三是睡眠期大脑何如甄别不同的记忆信息,以及非快速眼动(non-rapid eye movement,NREM)睡眠和REM睡眠在记忆信息处理中的不同作用。Wakefulness is a prerequisite for the dominant brain functions such as perception,movement,learning and memory,and thinking.Sleep weakens the body's perception and response to the surroundings,which is helpful for the recovery of homeostasis and information processing.In 2019,the breakthroughs in wakefulness and sleep have been made in the following aspects:①the genetic and pedigree characteristics of sleep,such as revealing the genetic control mechanism of"natural short sleep",and discovering the existence of rapid eye movement(REM)sleep in zebrafish;②the neural mechanism underlying wakefulness and sleep generation,including identification of several new brain regions controlling wakefulness and sleep,and revealing the mechanisms for the rhythmic and homeostatic regulation of sleep;③the functions of sleep,that is,how to achieve body's homeostasis and memory information processing during sleep.In our views of point,the future study in wakefulness and sleep needs to make breakthroughs in the following aspects.First,how the cerebral neurons perceive and integrate the internal and external signals to achieve the circadian rhythmic and homeostatic regulation of sleep.Second,further studies are needed to clarify the regulatory effects of different cell subtypes on the wakefulness and sleep and to analyze their fine circuitry mechanism based on the new cell typing.Third,how different memory information is distinguished during sleep,and what are the unique roles of non-rapid eye movement(NREM)sleep and REM sleep in memory information processing.

关 键 词：觉醒睡眠 短睡基因 促睡眠谷氨酸神经元 突触稳态 记忆信息删除 

分 类 号：R338.24[医药卫生—人体生理学]