基于区块链的分布式能源交易市场信用风险管理方法  

Credit Risk Management in Distributed Energy Resource Transactions Based on Blockchain

作　　者：平健 严正 陈思捷 沈泽宇 杨素 李景 曲昊源 PING Jian;YAN Zheng;CHEN Sijie;SHEN Zeyu;YANG Su;LI Jing;QU Haoyuan(Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion,Ministry of Education(Shanghai Jiao Tong University),Minhang District,Shanghai 200240,China;State Grid Energy Research Institute Co.Ltd.,Changping District,Beijing 102209,China)

机构地区：[1]电力传输与功率变换控制教育部重点实验室(上海交通大学) [2]国网能源研究院有限公司

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2019年第24期7137-7145,共9页Proceedings of the CSEE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51707116);青年人才托举工程(基于区块链的配电网分散自治运行技术);国家电网公司科技项目(我国电力市场运营成效动态评估监测体系及信用评价体系研究)~~

摘　　要：随着我国分布式发电渗透率不断提高,配网内分布式能源就近交易已成为我国配网未来的发展新趋势。由于分布式能源出力的不确定性及个体趋利属性,相较传统电力交易,分布式能源交易的违约现象可能更为严重。为此,该文提出基于区块链的分布式能源交易信用管理方法。首先,分析分布式能源交易信用风险的成因及其危害,提出分布式能源信用评估指标。然后,阐述基于区块链的分布式能源交易模式。在信用风险管理环节,建立基于区块链的分布式能源交易信用评估技术,实现分布式能源信用的透明、公正评估;提出基于信用证明(proof-of-credit,Po C)共识机制的分布式能源信用管控机制,以经济激励的方式促使市场主体维护自身信用,抑制分布式能源交易的信用问题。仿真测试表明,该文建立的分布式能源交易智能合约以及分布式能源信用管控机制可以使守信市场主体获得更多利益,维持分布式能源交易市场秩序。With the increasing penetration of distributed energy resources(DERs), it is a new trend that DERs can transact with neighboring consumers. Compared with a traditional electricity transaction, the default problem in DER transactions is more serious due to the uncertainty of DER outputs and owners’ desire of profits. This paper presented a credit management method for DER transactions by using blockchain technology. Firstly, the sources and damages of the credit risk in DER transactions were analyzed and a credit evaluation index in DER transaction was introduced. Then, a DER transaction model based on blockchain was presented. In the credit risk management process, a credit assessment technology for DER transaction based on blockchain was proposed that can assess the credit of DERs in a transparent and just manner. A credit risk control mechanism based on PoC(proof-of-credit) consensus algorithm was proposed. The algorithm encourages participants to maintain their credit scores in an incentive compatible way and avoids the credit problem in the DER transaction. Simulation results show that, with the proposed DER transaction smart contract and the credit risk control mechanism, participants with higher credit scores gain more profits than those with lower credit scores.

关 键 词：区块链 分布式能源交易 信用风险 信用证明 共识机制 

分 类 号：TM73[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]