布拖县农村学龄前儿童卫生行为及其影响因素分析  

Analysis of Health Behavior and Its Influencing Factors of Rural Preschool Children in Butuo County

作　　者：冯志 周欢[1] FENG Zhi;ZHOU Huan(West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan province,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2020年第2期192-196,共5页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

基　　金：凉山州环境与生计发展研究中心项目(项目编号：0040405502147)

摘　　要：目的了解布拖县学龄前儿童的卫生行为状况及分析其影响因素,为有针对性地开展边远贫困山区学龄前儿童卫生健康教育提供参考。方法于2016年采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法抽取布拖县4所农村学校的3~7岁学龄前儿童为调查对象。通过问卷调查,获取小学生社会人口学信息、饮食和卫生行为习惯以及对周围人群教育的依从性等信息,采用χ^2检验进行单因素分析学龄前儿童卫生行为的影响因素。结果在所有纳入调查研究的儿童中,回收有效问卷共270份,其中男生129人,女生141人。研究显示较为突出的卫生行为是喝生水(71.11%)。儿童在幼儿园的卫生行为比在家中好并且更愿意听从老师的意见,如在校刷牙洗脸(71.48%)行为明显优于其他卫生行为。学龄前儿童的部分日常卫生行为与是否为留守儿童及父母受教育程度相关,留守儿童及父母受教育程度低的儿童更易吃未洗的瓜果或者生吃蔬菜(P<0.05)。结论边远贫困山区的学龄前儿童卫生习惯亟需改善,在今后的健康教育活动中,需重视老师对儿童的影响,并加强对家长的健康教育,让儿童在学校和家中都要养成良好的卫生行为习惯。Objective To assess the health behavior of pre-school children in Butuo county so as to provide references for health education of preschool children in remote poverty-stricken areas.Methods In 2016,the 3-7-year-old preschool children from four rural schools in Butuo county were selected as the subjects by using a multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method.The information of pupils’social demographic information,diet and health behavior habits were collected by questionnaire,as well as their compliance with the education of the surrounding population.Chi-square tests were used to analyze the influencing factors of preschool children’s health behavior.Results Among all the children included in the survey,270 valid questionnaires were collected,including 129 boys and 141 girls.The most prominent unhealthy behavior is drinking unboiled water(71.11%).Children’s health behavior in kindergarten is better than that in home,and they are more willing to listen to teachers'opinions.For example,brushing their teeth and washing their faces in school(71.48%)is significantly better than other health behaviors.Some daily health behaviors of preschool children were related to whether they were left-behind children or not and their parents'education levels.Left-behind children and children whose parents were poorly educated were more likely to eat unwashed fruits or raw vegetables(P<0.05).Conclusion Health habits of preschool children in remote and poverty-stricken mountainous areas need to be improved urgently.In future health education activities,attention should be paid to the influence of teachers on children,and health education for parents should be strengthened so that children can develop good health habits in schools and at home.

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 卫生行为 影响因素 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]