2014-2018年广东省清远市流行性感冒流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological Characteristics of Influenza in Qingyuan City of Guangdong Province From 2014 to 2018

作　　者：卢文涛[1] 杜玉忠[1] 陈文青[1] 罗文玲[1] 曾茜茜 LU Wentao;DU Yuzhong;CHEN Wenqing;LUO Wenling;ZENG Xixi(Qingyuan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Qingyuan 511515,Guangdong Province,China)

机构地区：[1]清远市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2020年第1期29-33,共5页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的分析2014-2018年清远市流感流行病学特征,为制定流感科学防控政策提供依据。方法通过"中国流感监测信息系统"收集数据,使用SPSS和Excel汇总整理各项数据、制图,采用例数、百分比等指标进行描述性统计,哨点医院送检标本的核酸检测阳性率(周)和ILI%进行Pearson相关分析。结果2014-2018年清远市流感哨点医院的流感样病例占门诊就诊人数的百分比(以下简称ILI%)平均值(周)为2.62%,主要在6-7月和12月-次年3月出现高峰;对5884份流感样病例咽拭子标本行流感病毒核酸检测,结果显示标本阳性率高峰与ILI%高峰基本一致,标本周阳性率和周ILI%呈正相关(r=0.762,P<0.01),检验水准α=0.05,但各年份流行的流感病毒亚型有所差异。2014-2018年全市共报告52起流感样病例暴发疫情,80.77%的暴发疫情发生在学校。结论清远市流感流行的季节性高峰在夏季和冬春季,呈双峰型,中小学校是清远市流感防控的重点单位,每年定期为中小学生和老年人等重点人群接种流感疫苗尤为必要。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza from 2014 to 2018 in Qingyuan city,and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza.Methods Through the"China Influenza Surveillance Information System",data and maps were collected by SPSS and Excel.Descriptive statistics were carried out by the number and percentage of cases.Pearson correlation analysis was carried out on the nucleic acid positive rate(week)and ILI% of samples sent to sentinel hospitals.Results Influenza-like cases accounted for 2.62% of outpatient visits in Qingyuan influenza sentinel hospital from 2014 to 2018(hereinafter referred to as ILI%)with an average(week)of 2.62%,peaking mainly in June-July and 12-March of next year.Influenza virus nucleic acid tests were carried out on 5884 throat swab samples of influenza-like cases,the results showed that the peak positive rate of samples was basically as the same as that of ILI%.The weekly positive rate and weekly ILI% of samples were positive.There was a positive correlation(r=0.762,P<0.001),and the test level wasα=0.05,but the influenza virus subtypes prevalent in different years were different.A total of 52 outbreaks of influenza-like cases were reported in the city from 2014 to 2018.80.77% of the outbreaks occurred in schools.Conclusion The seasonal peak of influenza epidemic in Qingyuan City is double peak in summer and winter and spring.Primary and secondary schools are the key units of influenza prevention and control in Qingyuan City.It is particularly necessary to vaccinate influenza vaccines regularly for the key groups such as primary and secondary school students and the elderly every year.

关 键 词：流行性感冒 流感样病例 流行病学 

分 类 号：R511.7[医药卫生—内科学]