多项疑问句中“都”的关联制约  

The associated constrains of dou in Chinese multiple wh-questions

作　　者：牛长伟 程邦雄[2] Niu Changwei;Cheng Bangxiong

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学国际教育学院,430073 [2]华中科技大学中国语言研究所,430074

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2020年第1期104-112,共9页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：湖北省社会科学基金“基于优选论的现代汉语疑问词及特殊句式研究”(2016026);中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“汉语疑问—否定—情态范畴的互动模型及其二语教学研究”的资助

摘　　要：汉语疑问词在总括副词"都"前时,往往会表全称解(任指),但也存在例外。如在句式A"WH1+都+谓词+WH2"中,WH1往往不表全称解读。再者,句式B"WH1+WH2+都+谓词"中,"都"前出现了多个疑问词,此时距"都"最近的疑问词才会表全称解读。牛长伟、程邦雄(2015)在优选论的框架下曾分析了"都"在左向关联NP和WH时的关联倾向,但还不能解释句式B中"都"的关联现象。本文对这两类句式中"都"的关联现象进行了分析,找出了制约"都"关联的因素,认为句式A中的"都"会优先关联"都"后的WH2,句式B中的"都"在无其他算子、语境等因素的影响下,受制于距离、移位和阻隔制约条件,仅能关联距"都"最近的WH2。The Chinese wh-phrases before dou(都)are usually interpreted as universal reading,but there are still some exceptions due to the associated direction and tendency of dou,especially in multiple wh-questions,namely the sentence pattern A,"wh1+dou+predicate+wh2",and sentence pattern B,"wh1+wh2+dou+predicate".This paper tries to explain dou’s associated direction in the sentence pattern A and dou’s left-associated tendency in the sentence pattern B.On the basis of bijection principle analysis,the associate direction of dou in the sentence pattern A is right-priority,and the left-associated item of dou in the sentence pattern B correlates to the nearest wh2 owing to the interaction of distance constraint,movement constraint and blocking constraint within the optimality theory framework.

关 键 词：疑问词 都 关联倾向 优选论 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]