盐城滨海海堤林中黑尾蜡嘴雀和黑卷尾的巢址选择与生态位  

Nest site selection and niche differentiation of Eophona migratoria and Dicrurus macrocercus in Yancheng coastal seawall forest

作　　者：刘彬 许鹏 薛丹丹 安玉亭 鲁长虎 LIU Bin;XU Peng;XUE Dan-dan;AN Yu-ting;LU Chang-hu(College of Biology and the Environment,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Jiangsu Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve,Yancheng 224136,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学生物与环境学院,南京210037 [2]江苏省大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区管理处,江苏盐城224136

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2020年第1期186-193,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目(RAPD)资助

摘　　要：繁殖期鸟类的巢址选择受到很多因素的影响。许多雀形目鸟类选择在树上营巢,但开阔的沿海地区通常缺乏成片的自然林地,人工种植的廊道状海堤林则成为多种雀形目鸟类的营巢地。2018年4-8月在江苏省大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区境内的海堤林中,对繁殖鸟类巢的分布及两种优势繁殖鸟类---黑尾蜡嘴雀(Eophona migratoria)和黑卷尾(Dicrurus macrocercus)的巢址选择进行了研究,分析了两种鸟类的生态位重叠情况。结果表明:海堤林生境中共发现10种繁殖鸟的127个巢,鸟巢多数位于5 m以上的空间;影响黑尾蜡嘴雀巢址选择的主要因素是巢树和灌木等,巢位置、乔木和安全等因素是次要因素(前5主分量累计贡献率为71.9%);影响黑卷尾巢址选择的主要是巢树因素和灌木因素,巢向、乔木因子是次要因素(前5主分量累计贡献率78.0%);在巢址生态位分化上:两种鸟类的巢向(Utest,Z=-3.013,P<0.01)、巢高(Utest,Z=-6.718,P<0.01)、巢位置(Utest,Z=-5.402,P<0.01)、隐蔽性(Utest,Z=-4.081,P<0.01)选择上存在极显著的差异,两者在这些因子存在生态位分化;两种鸟类在12个巢址因子选择上的生态位重叠值都较大(最小值为0.500,最大值为0.998),存在激烈的种间竞争;在滨海地区,海堤林是依赖树木筑巢繁殖鸟类的重要栖息地,需要加强保护与管理。Nest site selection of birds during reproductive period is affected by many factors.Many kinds of passerines nest on the tree. Due to the lack of natural woodland in open coastal areas,the artificially planted seawall forests could provide essential nesting grounds for many passerine birds. In this study,nest distribution and nest site selection of two dominant breeding species(Eophona migratoria and Dicrurus macrocercus) were studied in seawall forest near Jiangsu Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve from April to August 2018. A total of 127 nests belonging to 10 species were recorded,with the height of the most nests being above 5 m. The results of principal component analysis(PCA) showed that the main factors affecting nest site selection of E.migratoria were the traits of nested tree and shrub,and the secondary affecting factors were nest location,number of tree and safety(the cumulative contribution rate of the first five principal components was 71.9%). Similarly,traits of nest tree and shrub were the main factors affecting the nest selection of D. macrocercus,while nest direction and number of trees were the secondary factors(the cumulative contribution rate of the first five principal components was 78.0%). With the niche differentiation of nest sites,significant differences were detected in nest direction factor (Utest,Z =-3.013,P<0.01),nest height factor(Utest,Z =-6.718,P<0.01),nest location factor(Utest,Z =-5.402,P<0.01),and concealment factor(Utest,Z =-4.081,P<0.01). The niche overlap values of the two species were large(from 0.500 to 0.998) in most factors of nest site selection,indicating strong interspecific competition between them.

关 键 词：雀形目鸟类 分布特征 海堤林 生态位宽度 生态位重叠 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]